A Miniaturized Device Based on Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles for the Quantification of Uric Acid in Artificial and Human Sweat
Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-based materials have multiple applications in the field of materials, especially in sensor technology. In this work, Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles were synthesized using a chemical method. The crystalline phase a...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/3/114 |
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| author | Carlos D. Ruiz-Guerrero Dulce V. Estrada-Osorio Alejandro Gutiérrez Fabiola I. Espinosa-Lagunes Gabriel Luna-Barcenas Ricardo A. Escalona-Villalpando Luis G. Arriaga Janet Ledesma-García |
| author_facet | Carlos D. Ruiz-Guerrero Dulce V. Estrada-Osorio Alejandro Gutiérrez Fabiola I. Espinosa-Lagunes Gabriel Luna-Barcenas Ricardo A. Escalona-Villalpando Luis G. Arriaga Janet Ledesma-García |
| author_sort | Carlos D. Ruiz-Guerrero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-based materials have multiple applications in the field of materials, especially in sensor technology. In this work, Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles were synthesized using a chemical method. The crystalline phase and crystal size were investigated by XRD, the morphology by SEM and the oxidation states by XPS techniques. The Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> material was used to immobilize the urate oxidase enzyme (UOx), which showed a higher current density (1.6 times higher) than the enzyme alone in cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer pH 5.6. GCE/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/UOx achieved a linear range of 3.7–500 µM and a higher sensitivity of 65 µA mM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> compared to 45 µA mM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> achieved by the enzyme alone in a uric acid sensor. The favorable activity of GCE/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/UOx enabled its use in a miniaturized device with low sample volume using artificial and real human sweat. The device was used to quantify uric acid levels in five samples and showed a relative error between the calculated and expected value of less than 10%. The implementation of GCE/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/UOx is attractive in a biosensor that can be used as a uric acid sensor in biological fluids. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-505f225c83144cfebad179d17d4db8bf |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2227-9040 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Chemosensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-505f225c83144cfebad179d17d4db8bf2025-08-20T02:42:40ZengMDPI AGChemosensors2227-90402025-03-0113311410.3390/chemosensors13030114A Miniaturized Device Based on Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles for the Quantification of Uric Acid in Artificial and Human SweatCarlos D. Ruiz-Guerrero0Dulce V. Estrada-Osorio1Alejandro Gutiérrez2Fabiola I. Espinosa-Lagunes3Gabriel Luna-Barcenas4Ricardo A. Escalona-Villalpando5Luis G. Arriaga6Janet Ledesma-García7Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico en Electroquímica, Santiago de Querétaro 76703, MexicoDivisión de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, MexicoDivisión de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, MexicoDivisión de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, MexicoTecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Santiago de Querétaro 76130, MexicoDivisión de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, MexicoTecnologico de Monterrey, Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Santiago de Querétaro 76130, MexicoDivisión de Investigación y Posgrado, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro 76010, MexicoCo<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-based materials have multiple applications in the field of materials, especially in sensor technology. In this work, Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles were synthesized using a chemical method. The crystalline phase and crystal size were investigated by XRD, the morphology by SEM and the oxidation states by XPS techniques. The Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> material was used to immobilize the urate oxidase enzyme (UOx), which showed a higher current density (1.6 times higher) than the enzyme alone in cyclic voltammetry in phosphate buffer pH 5.6. GCE/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/UOx achieved a linear range of 3.7–500 µM and a higher sensitivity of 65 µA mM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> compared to 45 µA mM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> achieved by the enzyme alone in a uric acid sensor. The favorable activity of GCE/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/UOx enabled its use in a miniaturized device with low sample volume using artificial and real human sweat. The device was used to quantify uric acid levels in five samples and showed a relative error between the calculated and expected value of less than 10%. The implementation of GCE/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/UOx is attractive in a biosensor that can be used as a uric acid sensor in biological fluids.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/3/114uric acid detectionuric acid quantificationhuman sweatCo<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticlesminiaturized deviceartificial sweat |
| spellingShingle | Carlos D. Ruiz-Guerrero Dulce V. Estrada-Osorio Alejandro Gutiérrez Fabiola I. Espinosa-Lagunes Gabriel Luna-Barcenas Ricardo A. Escalona-Villalpando Luis G. Arriaga Janet Ledesma-García A Miniaturized Device Based on Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles for the Quantification of Uric Acid in Artificial and Human Sweat Chemosensors uric acid detection uric acid quantification human sweat Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles miniaturized device artificial sweat |
| title | A Miniaturized Device Based on Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles for the Quantification of Uric Acid in Artificial and Human Sweat |
| title_full | A Miniaturized Device Based on Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles for the Quantification of Uric Acid in Artificial and Human Sweat |
| title_fullStr | A Miniaturized Device Based on Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles for the Quantification of Uric Acid in Artificial and Human Sweat |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Miniaturized Device Based on Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles for the Quantification of Uric Acid in Artificial and Human Sweat |
| title_short | A Miniaturized Device Based on Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles for the Quantification of Uric Acid in Artificial and Human Sweat |
| title_sort | miniaturized device based on cobalt oxide nanoparticles for the quantification of uric acid in artificial and human sweat |
| topic | uric acid detection uric acid quantification human sweat Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles miniaturized device artificial sweat |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9040/13/3/114 |
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