Nicotine-induced changes in surface properties of restorative materials and dental enamel: An in vitro study on flavored e-cigarette exposure
Introduction This study aimed to assess the effects of various nicotine concentrations in flavored electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on the surface roughness, microhardness, and color stability of restorative materials and enamel structure. Methods The study utilized nanohybrid packable resin co...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
European Publishing
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/Nicotine-induced-changes-in-surface-properties-of-restorative-materials-and-dental,202876,0,2.html |
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| Summary: | Introduction
This study aimed to assess the effects of various nicotine concentrations
in flavored electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on the surface roughness,
microhardness, and color stability of restorative materials and enamel structure.
Methods
The study utilized nanohybrid packable resin composite restorations,
resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI), and dental enamel samples (n=10). These
samples were exposed to electronic cigarettes with different nicotine concentrations
(3, 20, or 50 mg) using a customized chamber connected to a vacuum machine.
A total of 3600 puffs were administered through cycles consisting of 9 puffs, with
each puff lasting 4 s and an interval of 20 s between puffs, resulting in a total cycle
duration of 3 min and 36 s. Before and after the exposure, the samples were tested
for microhardness (MH), surface roughness (SR), and color changes (ΔE*). Data
were analyzed using one-way and two-way analyses of variance (ANOVA). Multiple
comparisons among different groups were conducted using Bonferroni’s multiple
comparison test with a p-value level set at 0.05.
Results
The study findings indicate that all samples – enamel, resin composite,
and RMGI – experienced significant reductions in MH. However, no significant
differences were observed among the enamel groups. Higher nicotine concentrations
did not significantly affect the MH in the resin composite and RMGI group, but
both showed significant differences compared to the lowest concentration (3
mg) (p<0.05). At 3 mg nicotine, enamel exhibited the highest ratio (%) change
(-46.81± 24.68), followed by RMGI (-23.27 ± 6.24). At the highest concentration
of 50 mg nicotine, enamel demonstrated a ratio (%) change of -25.46 ± 16.39,
whereas RMGI with -75.72 ± 3.46 maintained similar degradation levels to the
20 mg group. SR results revealed that while most enamel and all RMGI samples
showed no significant changes after nicotine exposure, all nicotine concentrations
significantly increased SR in resin composite (nicotine 3 mg: 76.00 ± 11.90 to
165.46 ± 36.06 nm; p<0.05). Additionally, color change demonstrated that RMGI
exhibited the greatest color change after exposure to both 3 mg (ΔE*=9.45 ± 2.30)
and 50 mg (ΔE*=10.25 ± 1.53 nicotine concentrations (p<0.05), while enamel
and resin composite samples did not show clinically detectable color changes at
the 3 mg nicotine concentration. The 20 mg nicotine concentration had the most
substantial impact across the groups.
Conclusions
The higher nicotine concentrations showed a greater effect among all
samples in the tested groups. All concentrations of nicotine e-cigarettes (3, 20, and
50 mg) significantly affected the MH of all tested groups. In terms of SR, the only
group that did not show a significant increase with all nicotine concentrations is the
RMGI. In aesthetic perspective, the lower the concentration of nicotine e-cigarettes,
the lower the change in color when compared to higher concentrations. |
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| ISSN: | 1617-9625 |