Knowledge, attitude, and practices of beta thalassemia: a cross-sectional study among young adults in Delhi-NCR, India

Abstract Background Thalassemia is one of the most common monogenic blood disorders worldwide and has a considerable public health burden on India, with a 3.74% prevalence of beta-thalassemia trait. Most ideally, this genetic disease can be managed by prevention through awareness, screening, and cou...

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Main Authors: Oishi Choudhury, Akansha Dubey, Kallur Nava Saraswathy, Roumi Deb, Ravi Ranjan, J. S. Arora, Benrithung Murry, Ram Prasad Mitra, Naorem Kiranmala Devi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Public Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24065-5
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author Oishi Choudhury
Akansha Dubey
Kallur Nava Saraswathy
Roumi Deb
Ravi Ranjan
J. S. Arora
Benrithung Murry
Ram Prasad Mitra
Naorem Kiranmala Devi
author_facet Oishi Choudhury
Akansha Dubey
Kallur Nava Saraswathy
Roumi Deb
Ravi Ranjan
J. S. Arora
Benrithung Murry
Ram Prasad Mitra
Naorem Kiranmala Devi
author_sort Oishi Choudhury
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Thalassemia is one of the most common monogenic blood disorders worldwide and has a considerable public health burden on India, with a 3.74% prevalence of beta-thalassemia trait. Most ideally, this genetic disease can be managed by prevention through awareness, screening, and counselling. However, prior to this, a background of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of thalassemia among the population is necessary, which will determine the efficiency of the management programs. Given the paucity of KAP studies in India, the present study aims to report the KAP towards thalassemia among the young adults of Delhi, India. Methods This a cross-sectional study conducted among 1585 adults aged 18–35 years. The socio-demographic and KAP data were collected using a pretested and modified interview schedule. Results Only 36.8% of individuals in the study had ever heard of the term “thalassemia”. Awareness (about the term) was higher among females, Muslims, individuals with higher education, those belonging to upper socio-economic stratum, and Western India, compared to their respective counterparts. In contrast, individuals from schedule caste and other backward classes exhibited lower awareness levels compared to those from unreserved category. A low percentage of 7.7% had adequate knowledge about thalassemia, and education, region, and socio-economic status were its predictors. Overall, 86.7% and 22.6% of sample exhibited positive attitude and practices, respectively. Knowledge was a significant predictor of positive practices; however, negative attitude prevailed despite the adequacy of knowledge. Overall, males exhibited higher odds of negative attitude, and lower education seemed to be an important predictor of both negative attitude and poor/ negative practices. Conclusions The study highlights the need for targeted awareness campaigns among young adults aimed at encouraging positive attitude, practices, and mitigation of associated stigma. College healthcare programs, compulsory inclusion of thalassemia in all high school or college curriculums, and community outreach programs can be effective measures in promoting awareness, thereby enabling the youth to make informed reproductive planning. This can further lay the groundwork for effective implementation of universal screening programs, subsequently contributing towards reduced burden of beta-thalassemia.
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spelling doaj-art-504ecdf9306d4e15af21c0bedaaa85e52025-08-20T03:44:07ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-08-0125111310.1186/s12889-025-24065-5Knowledge, attitude, and practices of beta thalassemia: a cross-sectional study among young adults in Delhi-NCR, IndiaOishi Choudhury0Akansha Dubey1Kallur Nava Saraswathy2Roumi Deb3Ravi Ranjan4J. S. Arora5Benrithung Murry6Ram Prasad Mitra7Naorem Kiranmala Devi8Department of Anthropology, University of DelhiDepartment of Anthropology, AISS, Amity UniversityDepartment of Anthropology, University of DelhiDepartment of Anthropology, AISS, Amity UniversityDepartment of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical SciencesNational Thalassemia Welfare SocietyDepartment of Anthropology, University of DelhiDepartment of Anthropology, University of DelhiDepartment of Anthropology, University of DelhiAbstract Background Thalassemia is one of the most common monogenic blood disorders worldwide and has a considerable public health burden on India, with a 3.74% prevalence of beta-thalassemia trait. Most ideally, this genetic disease can be managed by prevention through awareness, screening, and counselling. However, prior to this, a background of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of thalassemia among the population is necessary, which will determine the efficiency of the management programs. Given the paucity of KAP studies in India, the present study aims to report the KAP towards thalassemia among the young adults of Delhi, India. Methods This a cross-sectional study conducted among 1585 adults aged 18–35 years. The socio-demographic and KAP data were collected using a pretested and modified interview schedule. Results Only 36.8% of individuals in the study had ever heard of the term “thalassemia”. Awareness (about the term) was higher among females, Muslims, individuals with higher education, those belonging to upper socio-economic stratum, and Western India, compared to their respective counterparts. In contrast, individuals from schedule caste and other backward classes exhibited lower awareness levels compared to those from unreserved category. A low percentage of 7.7% had adequate knowledge about thalassemia, and education, region, and socio-economic status were its predictors. Overall, 86.7% and 22.6% of sample exhibited positive attitude and practices, respectively. Knowledge was a significant predictor of positive practices; however, negative attitude prevailed despite the adequacy of knowledge. Overall, males exhibited higher odds of negative attitude, and lower education seemed to be an important predictor of both negative attitude and poor/ negative practices. Conclusions The study highlights the need for targeted awareness campaigns among young adults aimed at encouraging positive attitude, practices, and mitigation of associated stigma. College healthcare programs, compulsory inclusion of thalassemia in all high school or college curriculums, and community outreach programs can be effective measures in promoting awareness, thereby enabling the youth to make informed reproductive planning. This can further lay the groundwork for effective implementation of universal screening programs, subsequently contributing towards reduced burden of beta-thalassemia.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24065-5Beta thalassemiaKnowledgeAttitudePracticeYoung adultsDelhi
spellingShingle Oishi Choudhury
Akansha Dubey
Kallur Nava Saraswathy
Roumi Deb
Ravi Ranjan
J. S. Arora
Benrithung Murry
Ram Prasad Mitra
Naorem Kiranmala Devi
Knowledge, attitude, and practices of beta thalassemia: a cross-sectional study among young adults in Delhi-NCR, India
BMC Public Health
Beta thalassemia
Knowledge
Attitude
Practice
Young adults
Delhi
title Knowledge, attitude, and practices of beta thalassemia: a cross-sectional study among young adults in Delhi-NCR, India
title_full Knowledge, attitude, and practices of beta thalassemia: a cross-sectional study among young adults in Delhi-NCR, India
title_fullStr Knowledge, attitude, and practices of beta thalassemia: a cross-sectional study among young adults in Delhi-NCR, India
title_full_unstemmed Knowledge, attitude, and practices of beta thalassemia: a cross-sectional study among young adults in Delhi-NCR, India
title_short Knowledge, attitude, and practices of beta thalassemia: a cross-sectional study among young adults in Delhi-NCR, India
title_sort knowledge attitude and practices of beta thalassemia a cross sectional study among young adults in delhi ncr india
topic Beta thalassemia
Knowledge
Attitude
Practice
Young adults
Delhi
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-24065-5
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