Response of Yield and Protein Content of Forage Mulberry to Irrigation in North China Plain

Mulberry (<i>Morus</i> spp.) is resilient to water deficit conditions, and the high protein content of its leaves means they can be used as forage. Therefore, it could be a valuable resource for alleviating the animal feed crisis, but it is crucial that its high productivity and stable t...

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Main Authors: Yujie Ren, Guang Guo, Zhaohong Wang, Lin Zhu, Bing Geng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Agronomy
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/5/1016
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author Yujie Ren
Guang Guo
Zhaohong Wang
Lin Zhu
Bing Geng
author_facet Yujie Ren
Guang Guo
Zhaohong Wang
Lin Zhu
Bing Geng
author_sort Yujie Ren
collection DOAJ
description Mulberry (<i>Morus</i> spp.) is resilient to water deficit conditions, and the high protein content of its leaves means they can be used as forage. Therefore, it could be a valuable resource for alleviating the animal feed crisis, but it is crucial that its high productivity and stable traits are sustained to achieve this. We conducted a 2-year field experiment in the North China Plain (NCP), which investigated different irrigation levels (W1 = 15 mm, W2 = 30 mm) and genotypes (Feng Yuan No. 1, Feng Chi). This study demonstrates that using water-saving irrigation coupled with selected genotypes can increase the leaf yield and protein content. We measured various physiological and ecological indicators of mulberry, including the leaf area, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf weight, net photosynthetic rate, leaf water use efficiency (WUE<sub>L</sub>) under limited irrigation, protein content, and yield. The results from both years indicate that, under deficit irrigation conditions, Feng Yuan No. 1 exhibited drought resistance while maintaining relatively high and stable growth traits. When the irrigation amount was increased (W2 = 30 mm), the net photosynthetic rate and leaf water use efficiency of Feng Yuan No. 1 were significantly better than those of Feng Chi. Additionally, Feng Yuan No. 1 combined with the W2 irrigation treatment led to a higher protein content of leaves (19.98 g/100 g and 21.19 g/100 g) and greater yield of leaves and branches (9.79 t·ha<sup>−1</sup> and 11.19 t·ha<sup>−1</sup>) in the two years. Furthermore, under deficit irrigation conditions, Feng Yuan No. 1 effectively compensated for yield losses caused by water scarcity.
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spelling doaj-art-504bd70180514fa38ee89d1b60cf3c8f2025-08-20T03:14:42ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-04-01155101610.3390/agronomy15051016Response of Yield and Protein Content of Forage Mulberry to Irrigation in North China PlainYujie Ren0Guang Guo1Zhaohong Wang2Lin Zhu3Bing Geng4Shandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, ChinaShandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, ChinaShandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, ChinaShandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, ChinaShandong Institute of Sericulture, Yantai 264001, ChinaMulberry (<i>Morus</i> spp.) is resilient to water deficit conditions, and the high protein content of its leaves means they can be used as forage. Therefore, it could be a valuable resource for alleviating the animal feed crisis, but it is crucial that its high productivity and stable traits are sustained to achieve this. We conducted a 2-year field experiment in the North China Plain (NCP), which investigated different irrigation levels (W1 = 15 mm, W2 = 30 mm) and genotypes (Feng Yuan No. 1, Feng Chi). This study demonstrates that using water-saving irrigation coupled with selected genotypes can increase the leaf yield and protein content. We measured various physiological and ecological indicators of mulberry, including the leaf area, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf weight, net photosynthetic rate, leaf water use efficiency (WUE<sub>L</sub>) under limited irrigation, protein content, and yield. The results from both years indicate that, under deficit irrigation conditions, Feng Yuan No. 1 exhibited drought resistance while maintaining relatively high and stable growth traits. When the irrigation amount was increased (W2 = 30 mm), the net photosynthetic rate and leaf water use efficiency of Feng Yuan No. 1 were significantly better than those of Feng Chi. Additionally, Feng Yuan No. 1 combined with the W2 irrigation treatment led to a higher protein content of leaves (19.98 g/100 g and 21.19 g/100 g) and greater yield of leaves and branches (9.79 t·ha<sup>−1</sup> and 11.19 t·ha<sup>−1</sup>) in the two years. Furthermore, under deficit irrigation conditions, Feng Yuan No. 1 effectively compensated for yield losses caused by water scarcity.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/5/1016mulberry (<i>Morus</i> spp.)deficit irrigationgenotypeleaf water use efficiency (WUE<sub>L</sub>)photosynthetic rate (Pn)
spellingShingle Yujie Ren
Guang Guo
Zhaohong Wang
Lin Zhu
Bing Geng
Response of Yield and Protein Content of Forage Mulberry to Irrigation in North China Plain
Agronomy
mulberry (<i>Morus</i> spp.)
deficit irrigation
genotype
leaf water use efficiency (WUE<sub>L</sub>)
photosynthetic rate (Pn)
title Response of Yield and Protein Content of Forage Mulberry to Irrigation in North China Plain
title_full Response of Yield and Protein Content of Forage Mulberry to Irrigation in North China Plain
title_fullStr Response of Yield and Protein Content of Forage Mulberry to Irrigation in North China Plain
title_full_unstemmed Response of Yield and Protein Content of Forage Mulberry to Irrigation in North China Plain
title_short Response of Yield and Protein Content of Forage Mulberry to Irrigation in North China Plain
title_sort response of yield and protein content of forage mulberry to irrigation in north china plain
topic mulberry (<i>Morus</i> spp.)
deficit irrigation
genotype
leaf water use efficiency (WUE<sub>L</sub>)
photosynthetic rate (Pn)
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/5/1016
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