A novel attenuated and marker M. bovis-BoAHV-1 combined vaccine provides broad protection against diverse bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 genotypes

Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) and bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV-1) are two major infections that seriously impair cattle’s reproductive and respiratory systems. We created an M. bovis-BoAHV-1 combined vaccine and assessed its safety and effectiveness in our earlier work. This study evaluated a nove...

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Main Authors: Sen Zhang, Guoxing Liu, Zhijie Xiang, Jianguo Chen, Aizhen Guo, Yingyu Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Virulence
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2025.2530168
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author Sen Zhang
Guoxing Liu
Zhijie Xiang
Jianguo Chen
Aizhen Guo
Yingyu Chen
author_facet Sen Zhang
Guoxing Liu
Zhijie Xiang
Jianguo Chen
Aizhen Guo
Yingyu Chen
author_sort Sen Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) and bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV-1) are two major infections that seriously impair cattle’s reproductive and respiratory systems. We created an M. bovis-BoAHV-1 combined vaccine and assessed its safety and effectiveness in our earlier work. This study evaluated a novel combined vaccine comprising attenuated M. bovis and marker BoAHV-1 antigens for its immunogenicity and efficacy in protecting cattle against diverse BoAHV-1 genotypes. The cattle were divided into four groups: M. bovis-BoAHV-1 combined vaccine, inactivated vaccine, non-immune challenge, and blank control groups. RT-PCR was used to assess viral shedding after the groups challenged with either the BoAHV-1 1.1a or 1.2b strains. The results demonstrated that the combined vaccine group prompted a high degree of production of cytokines, B cells, and T cell-associated signaling pathways and was able to elicit considerably greater antibody titers (p < 0.01). Under experimental challenge conditions, the combined vaccine reduced BoAHV-1 viral shedding by 70% in vaccinated cattle compared to controls, shorter duration of virus shedding was also observed in the vaccinated groups compared to the non-immune challenge group for different BoAHV-1 strain challenges, about 6–8 d earlier clearance of virus shedding compared to the non-immune challenge group. Notably, the combined vaccine provided cross-protection against multiple BoAHV-1 genotypes, demonstrating its potential as a broad-spectrum solution for controlling bovine respiratory disease. These findings providing important insights into effective disease control strategies for cattle herds.
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spelling doaj-art-50476d2425fa4d4b8cc70182bde834bb2025-08-20T02:36:16ZengTaylor & Francis GroupVirulence2150-55942150-56082025-12-0116110.1080/21505594.2025.2530168A novel attenuated and marker M. bovis-BoAHV-1 combined vaccine provides broad protection against diverse bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 genotypesSen Zhang0Guoxing Liu1Zhijie Xiang2Jianguo Chen3Aizhen Guo4Yingyu Chen5National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, ChinaMycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) and bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV-1) are two major infections that seriously impair cattle’s reproductive and respiratory systems. We created an M. bovis-BoAHV-1 combined vaccine and assessed its safety and effectiveness in our earlier work. This study evaluated a novel combined vaccine comprising attenuated M. bovis and marker BoAHV-1 antigens for its immunogenicity and efficacy in protecting cattle against diverse BoAHV-1 genotypes. The cattle were divided into four groups: M. bovis-BoAHV-1 combined vaccine, inactivated vaccine, non-immune challenge, and blank control groups. RT-PCR was used to assess viral shedding after the groups challenged with either the BoAHV-1 1.1a or 1.2b strains. The results demonstrated that the combined vaccine group prompted a high degree of production of cytokines, B cells, and T cell-associated signaling pathways and was able to elicit considerably greater antibody titers (p < 0.01). Under experimental challenge conditions, the combined vaccine reduced BoAHV-1 viral shedding by 70% in vaccinated cattle compared to controls, shorter duration of virus shedding was also observed in the vaccinated groups compared to the non-immune challenge group for different BoAHV-1 strain challenges, about 6–8 d earlier clearance of virus shedding compared to the non-immune challenge group. Notably, the combined vaccine provided cross-protection against multiple BoAHV-1 genotypes, demonstrating its potential as a broad-spectrum solution for controlling bovine respiratory disease. These findings providing important insights into effective disease control strategies for cattle herds.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2025.2530168BoAHV-1genotypecombined vaccineinactivated vaccinecross-protection
spellingShingle Sen Zhang
Guoxing Liu
Zhijie Xiang
Jianguo Chen
Aizhen Guo
Yingyu Chen
A novel attenuated and marker M. bovis-BoAHV-1 combined vaccine provides broad protection against diverse bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 genotypes
Virulence
BoAHV-1
genotype
combined vaccine
inactivated vaccine
cross-protection
title A novel attenuated and marker M. bovis-BoAHV-1 combined vaccine provides broad protection against diverse bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 genotypes
title_full A novel attenuated and marker M. bovis-BoAHV-1 combined vaccine provides broad protection against diverse bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 genotypes
title_fullStr A novel attenuated and marker M. bovis-BoAHV-1 combined vaccine provides broad protection against diverse bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 genotypes
title_full_unstemmed A novel attenuated and marker M. bovis-BoAHV-1 combined vaccine provides broad protection against diverse bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 genotypes
title_short A novel attenuated and marker M. bovis-BoAHV-1 combined vaccine provides broad protection against diverse bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 genotypes
title_sort novel attenuated and marker m bovis boahv 1 combined vaccine provides broad protection against diverse bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 genotypes
topic BoAHV-1
genotype
combined vaccine
inactivated vaccine
cross-protection
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21505594.2025.2530168
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