Exploring potential cytokine profiles as diagnostic biomarkers for brucellosis in Mediterranean Buffaloes
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease, with an important economic impact on the livestock industry and public health worldwide. Both Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis can infect Mediterranean Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), leading to infertility and abortion. In ruminants, the standard diagnostic app...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1583858/full |
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| author | Giulia Franzoni Federica Signorelli Anna Donniacuo Lorena Schiavo Michele Napoletano Giovanna De Matteis Francesco Grandoni Susanna Zinellu Vincenzo Bove Silvia Dei Giudici Esterina De Carlo Giorgio Galiero Francesco Napolitano Alessandra Martucciello |
| author_facet | Giulia Franzoni Federica Signorelli Anna Donniacuo Lorena Schiavo Michele Napoletano Giovanna De Matteis Francesco Grandoni Susanna Zinellu Vincenzo Bove Silvia Dei Giudici Esterina De Carlo Giorgio Galiero Francesco Napolitano Alessandra Martucciello |
| author_sort | Giulia Franzoni |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease, with an important economic impact on the livestock industry and public health worldwide. Both Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis can infect Mediterranean Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), leading to infertility and abortion. In ruminants, the standard diagnostic approach involves two serological tests, the Rose Bengal Test and the Complement Fixation Test, applied in parallel, though their specificity requires improvement. Cytokines play a crucial role in coordinating immune responses through complex networks and can serve as biomarkers for various diseases. This study explored the potential use of cytokines as immunological biomarkers for Brucella infection in Mediterranean Buffalo. For this purpose, we included 18 healthy and 20 Brucella-infected buffaloes in our analysis. Heparinized blood samples were stimulated with the Brucella antigen, with PBS as nil control and PWM as lymphocyte viability control. After 16–24 h, plasma levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-36Ra, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MCP-1, CXCL8, IP-10, IFN-γ, TNF, and VEGF-A were measured using multiplex ELISA. Our results showed that infected animals released significantly higher levels of IFN-γ, IP-10, MCP-1 in response to Brucella antigen compared to healthy controls. Conversely, healthy animals released instead higher levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 following antigen stimulation compared to infected animals. Finally, sequential canonical discriminant analyses were performed to generate predictive cytokine profiles for each group. The findings indicated that a combination of five cytokines (IFN-γ, IP-10, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6) can effectively distinguished infected from healthy buffaloes. Overall, this study suggests that incorporating these key immune cytokines could improve the diagnostic accuracy of brucellosis in Mediterranean Buffalo. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5042a755dba5470f92104a009b60808d |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-5042a755dba5470f92104a009b60808d2025-08-20T03:09:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-05-011210.3389/fvets.2025.15838581583858Exploring potential cytokine profiles as diagnostic biomarkers for brucellosis in Mediterranean BuffaloesGiulia Franzoni0Federica Signorelli1Anna Donniacuo2Lorena Schiavo3Michele Napoletano4Giovanna De Matteis5Francesco Grandoni6Susanna Zinellu7Vincenzo Bove8Silvia Dei Giudici9Esterina De Carlo10Giorgio Galiero11Francesco Napolitano12Alessandra Martucciello13Department of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, ItalyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Monterotondo (RM), ItalyNational Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Mediterranean Buffalo Farming and Productions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Salerno, ItalyNational Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Mediterranean Buffalo Farming and Productions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Salerno, ItalyNational Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Mediterranean Buffalo Farming and Productions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Salerno, ItalyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Monterotondo (RM), ItalyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Monterotondo (RM), ItalyDepartment of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, ItalyNational Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Mediterranean Buffalo Farming and Productions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Salerno, ItalyDepartment of Animal Health, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Sardegna, Sassari, ItalyNational Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Mediterranean Buffalo Farming and Productions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Salerno, ItalyNational Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Mediterranean Buffalo Farming and Productions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Salerno, ItalyCouncil for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA)- Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Monterotondo (RM), ItalyNational Reference Centre for Hygiene and Technologies of Mediterranean Buffalo Farming and Productions, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Salerno, ItalyBrucellosis is a zoonotic disease, with an important economic impact on the livestock industry and public health worldwide. Both Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis can infect Mediterranean Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), leading to infertility and abortion. In ruminants, the standard diagnostic approach involves two serological tests, the Rose Bengal Test and the Complement Fixation Test, applied in parallel, though their specificity requires improvement. Cytokines play a crucial role in coordinating immune responses through complex networks and can serve as biomarkers for various diseases. This study explored the potential use of cytokines as immunological biomarkers for Brucella infection in Mediterranean Buffalo. For this purpose, we included 18 healthy and 20 Brucella-infected buffaloes in our analysis. Heparinized blood samples were stimulated with the Brucella antigen, with PBS as nil control and PWM as lymphocyte viability control. After 16–24 h, plasma levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IL-36Ra, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, MCP-1, CXCL8, IP-10, IFN-γ, TNF, and VEGF-A were measured using multiplex ELISA. Our results showed that infected animals released significantly higher levels of IFN-γ, IP-10, MCP-1 in response to Brucella antigen compared to healthy controls. Conversely, healthy animals released instead higher levels of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 following antigen stimulation compared to infected animals. Finally, sequential canonical discriminant analyses were performed to generate predictive cytokine profiles for each group. The findings indicated that a combination of five cytokines (IFN-γ, IP-10, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6) can effectively distinguished infected from healthy buffaloes. Overall, this study suggests that incorporating these key immune cytokines could improve the diagnostic accuracy of brucellosis in Mediterranean Buffalo.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1583858/fullBrucellabiomarkersIFN-γcytokinesMediterranean Buffaloes |
| spellingShingle | Giulia Franzoni Federica Signorelli Anna Donniacuo Lorena Schiavo Michele Napoletano Giovanna De Matteis Francesco Grandoni Susanna Zinellu Vincenzo Bove Silvia Dei Giudici Esterina De Carlo Giorgio Galiero Francesco Napolitano Alessandra Martucciello Exploring potential cytokine profiles as diagnostic biomarkers for brucellosis in Mediterranean Buffaloes Frontiers in Veterinary Science Brucella biomarkers IFN-γ cytokines Mediterranean Buffaloes |
| title | Exploring potential cytokine profiles as diagnostic biomarkers for brucellosis in Mediterranean Buffaloes |
| title_full | Exploring potential cytokine profiles as diagnostic biomarkers for brucellosis in Mediterranean Buffaloes |
| title_fullStr | Exploring potential cytokine profiles as diagnostic biomarkers for brucellosis in Mediterranean Buffaloes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring potential cytokine profiles as diagnostic biomarkers for brucellosis in Mediterranean Buffaloes |
| title_short | Exploring potential cytokine profiles as diagnostic biomarkers for brucellosis in Mediterranean Buffaloes |
| title_sort | exploring potential cytokine profiles as diagnostic biomarkers for brucellosis in mediterranean buffaloes |
| topic | Brucella biomarkers IFN-γ cytokines Mediterranean Buffaloes |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1583858/full |
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