The Seasonality of Serum Insulin Concentrations in Equids and the Association With Breed, Age, and Sex
ABSTRACT Background Current laboratory reference values for serum insulin concentrations do not account for seasonal fluctuations and differences associated with breed, sex, and age. Hypothesis We hypothesized that serum insulin concentrations would differ with the season, breed, sex, and age. Anima...
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Wiley
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70089 |
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| author | Ana Lopes Laura Huber Andy E. Durham |
| author_facet | Ana Lopes Laura Huber Andy E. Durham |
| author_sort | Ana Lopes |
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| description | ABSTRACT Background Current laboratory reference values for serum insulin concentrations do not account for seasonal fluctuations and differences associated with breed, sex, and age. Hypothesis We hypothesized that serum insulin concentrations would differ with the season, breed, sex, and age. Animals Laboratory records from 21 236 cases. Methods Cases were included where basal serum insulin concentration (INS) or serum insulin concentration after administration of Karo light syrup (INSpk) was measured, along with plasma glucose, breed, age, and sex. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate a seasonal effect on serum insulin concentrations, alongside the effect of breed, age, and sex. Results Basal serum insulin concentration in winter was significantly higher than in the other seasons (p < 0.001). Serum insulin concentration following administration of Karo light syrup in winter was significantly higher than in summer and fall (p < 0.001). The breed effect was assessed in the 9 most prevalent breeds and the donkey. Shetland ponies had significantly higher INS and INSpk than all breeds except Welsh ponies(p < 0.01). Welsh ponies had significantly higher INS than all other breeds except Shetland ponies (p < 0.01). Welsh ponies had significantly higher INSpk than all breeds (all p < 0.001), except Arabians, New Forest ponies, and Shetland ponies. Females had significantly higher INS than males (p < 0.001) and there was a positive and significant association between age and INS (est = 0.02; SE = 0.002, p < 0.001). Conclusions Insulin concentrations are influenced by season, breed, age, and sex. This information is essential for better understanding and management of insulin dysregulation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5019020e7d1a4e6a82fb9a04b1e88aeb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0891-6640 1939-1676 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-5019020e7d1a4e6a82fb9a04b1e88aeb2025-08-20T03:54:11ZengWileyJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine0891-66401939-16762025-05-01393n/an/a10.1111/jvim.70089The Seasonality of Serum Insulin Concentrations in Equids and the Association With Breed, Age, and SexAna Lopes0Laura Huber1Andy E. Durham2Liphook Equine Hospital UKDepartment of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn Alabama USALiphook Equine Hospital UKABSTRACT Background Current laboratory reference values for serum insulin concentrations do not account for seasonal fluctuations and differences associated with breed, sex, and age. Hypothesis We hypothesized that serum insulin concentrations would differ with the season, breed, sex, and age. Animals Laboratory records from 21 236 cases. Methods Cases were included where basal serum insulin concentration (INS) or serum insulin concentration after administration of Karo light syrup (INSpk) was measured, along with plasma glucose, breed, age, and sex. Multivariate analysis was used to investigate a seasonal effect on serum insulin concentrations, alongside the effect of breed, age, and sex. Results Basal serum insulin concentration in winter was significantly higher than in the other seasons (p < 0.001). Serum insulin concentration following administration of Karo light syrup in winter was significantly higher than in summer and fall (p < 0.001). The breed effect was assessed in the 9 most prevalent breeds and the donkey. Shetland ponies had significantly higher INS and INSpk than all breeds except Welsh ponies(p < 0.01). Welsh ponies had significantly higher INS than all other breeds except Shetland ponies (p < 0.01). Welsh ponies had significantly higher INSpk than all breeds (all p < 0.001), except Arabians, New Forest ponies, and Shetland ponies. Females had significantly higher INS than males (p < 0.001) and there was a positive and significant association between age and INS (est = 0.02; SE = 0.002, p < 0.001). Conclusions Insulin concentrations are influenced by season, breed, age, and sex. This information is essential for better understanding and management of insulin dysregulation.https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70089endocrineequinelaboratory samplesseason |
| spellingShingle | Ana Lopes Laura Huber Andy E. Durham The Seasonality of Serum Insulin Concentrations in Equids and the Association With Breed, Age, and Sex Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine endocrine equine laboratory samples season |
| title | The Seasonality of Serum Insulin Concentrations in Equids and the Association With Breed, Age, and Sex |
| title_full | The Seasonality of Serum Insulin Concentrations in Equids and the Association With Breed, Age, and Sex |
| title_fullStr | The Seasonality of Serum Insulin Concentrations in Equids and the Association With Breed, Age, and Sex |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Seasonality of Serum Insulin Concentrations in Equids and the Association With Breed, Age, and Sex |
| title_short | The Seasonality of Serum Insulin Concentrations in Equids and the Association With Breed, Age, and Sex |
| title_sort | seasonality of serum insulin concentrations in equids and the association with breed age and sex |
| topic | endocrine equine laboratory samples season |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70089 |
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