Development and verification of a new OpenSees element model for a two-stage friction pendulum bearing

Abstract Bridges play a critical role in transportation infrastructure, and ensuring their safety is a key concern for structural engineers. Various seismic isolation techniques have been introduced to mitigate the impact of earthquake forces. The unavailability of novel isolation elements in commer...

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Main Authors: Hanzlah Akhlaq, Tianbo Peng, Boyang Yan, Muhammad Salman Khan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02928-6
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author Hanzlah Akhlaq
Tianbo Peng
Boyang Yan
Muhammad Salman Khan
author_facet Hanzlah Akhlaq
Tianbo Peng
Boyang Yan
Muhammad Salman Khan
author_sort Hanzlah Akhlaq
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Bridges play a critical role in transportation infrastructure, and ensuring their safety is a key concern for structural engineers. Various seismic isolation techniques have been introduced to mitigate the impact of earthquake forces. The unavailability of novel isolation elements in commercial software makes it difficult to implement in real-world structures. This study presents the development and verification of a two-stage friction pendulum bearing (TSFPB) nonlinear element model within the OpenSees environment. The TSFPB comprises only two sliding stages, designed to accommodate different-intensity earthquakes, rendering it suitable for both moderate and severe earthquakes. A theoretical model of the TSFPB is first presented to illustrate its working mechanism. Based on this, a nonlinear element model for TSFPB is developed in C++ and integrated into the OpenSees framework. Additionally, a numerical model is developed in ABAQUS to assess the stability and stress condition before prototype development. Comprehensive laboratory tests are conducted to verify the accuracy of the OpenSees, theoretical and ABAQUS models. The results demonstrate the remarkable accuracy of these models with experimental results, maintaining the discrepancy below 10%. These findings confirm the accuracy of the TSFPB nonlinear element and highlight its potential for advanced seismic isolation design.
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spelling doaj-art-500eb44a9d1d4eefad4ae8775f801cfa2025-08-20T04:01:34ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-02928-6Development and verification of a new OpenSees element model for a two-stage friction pendulum bearingHanzlah Akhlaq0Tianbo Peng1Boyang Yan2Muhammad Salman Khan3College of Civil Engineering, Tongji UniversityCollege of Civil Engineering, Tongji UniversityCollege of Civil Engineering, Tongji UniversityCollege of Civil Engineering, Tongji UniversityAbstract Bridges play a critical role in transportation infrastructure, and ensuring their safety is a key concern for structural engineers. Various seismic isolation techniques have been introduced to mitigate the impact of earthquake forces. The unavailability of novel isolation elements in commercial software makes it difficult to implement in real-world structures. This study presents the development and verification of a two-stage friction pendulum bearing (TSFPB) nonlinear element model within the OpenSees environment. The TSFPB comprises only two sliding stages, designed to accommodate different-intensity earthquakes, rendering it suitable for both moderate and severe earthquakes. A theoretical model of the TSFPB is first presented to illustrate its working mechanism. Based on this, a nonlinear element model for TSFPB is developed in C++ and integrated into the OpenSees framework. Additionally, a numerical model is developed in ABAQUS to assess the stability and stress condition before prototype development. Comprehensive laboratory tests are conducted to verify the accuracy of the OpenSees, theoretical and ABAQUS models. The results demonstrate the remarkable accuracy of these models with experimental results, maintaining the discrepancy below 10%. These findings confirm the accuracy of the TSFPB nonlinear element and highlight its potential for advanced seismic isolation design.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02928-6Seismic isolationTwo-stage friction pendulum bearingOpenSees elementExperimental validationBridge seismic design
spellingShingle Hanzlah Akhlaq
Tianbo Peng
Boyang Yan
Muhammad Salman Khan
Development and verification of a new OpenSees element model for a two-stage friction pendulum bearing
Scientific Reports
Seismic isolation
Two-stage friction pendulum bearing
OpenSees element
Experimental validation
Bridge seismic design
title Development and verification of a new OpenSees element model for a two-stage friction pendulum bearing
title_full Development and verification of a new OpenSees element model for a two-stage friction pendulum bearing
title_fullStr Development and verification of a new OpenSees element model for a two-stage friction pendulum bearing
title_full_unstemmed Development and verification of a new OpenSees element model for a two-stage friction pendulum bearing
title_short Development and verification of a new OpenSees element model for a two-stage friction pendulum bearing
title_sort development and verification of a new opensees element model for a two stage friction pendulum bearing
topic Seismic isolation
Two-stage friction pendulum bearing
OpenSees element
Experimental validation
Bridge seismic design
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-02928-6
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AT tianbopeng developmentandverificationofanewopenseeselementmodelforatwostagefrictionpendulumbearing
AT boyangyan developmentandverificationofanewopenseeselementmodelforatwostagefrictionpendulumbearing
AT muhammadsalmankhan developmentandverificationofanewopenseeselementmodelforatwostagefrictionpendulumbearing