The Contribution of Secondary Particles Following Carbon Ion Radiotherapy to Soft Errors in CIEDs
<italic>Introduction:</italic> While carbon ion radiotherapy is highly effective in cancer treatment, it has a high risk of causing soft error, which leads to malfunctions in cardiac implantable electrical devices (CIEDs). To predict the risk of malfunction prior to treatment, it is nece...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IEEE
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10415187/ |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832583974082314240 |
|---|---|
| author | Yudai Kawakami Makoto Sakai Hiroaki Masuda Masami Miyajima Takao Kanzaki Kazutoshi Kobayashi Tatsuya Ohno Hiroshi Sakurai |
| author_facet | Yudai Kawakami Makoto Sakai Hiroaki Masuda Masami Miyajima Takao Kanzaki Kazutoshi Kobayashi Tatsuya Ohno Hiroshi Sakurai |
| author_sort | Yudai Kawakami |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <italic>Introduction:</italic> While carbon ion radiotherapy is highly effective in cancer treatment, it has a high risk of causing soft error, which leads to malfunctions in cardiac implantable electrical devices (CIEDs). To predict the risk of malfunction prior to treatment, it is necessary to measure the reaction cross-sections and contributions to the soft error of secondary particles generated during treatments. <italic>Methods:</italic> A field-programmable gate array was used instead of CIEDs to measure soft errors by varying the energy spectrum of secondary particles. <italic>Results and discussion:</italic> The reaction cross-sections measured for each secondary particle were 3.0 × 10<sup>−9</sup>, 2.0 × 10<sup>−9</sup>, 1.3 × 10<sup>−8</sup>, and 1.5 × 10<sup>−8</sup> [cm<sup>2</sup>/Mb] for thermal neutrons, intermediate-energy neutrons, high-energy neutrons above 10 MeV, and protons, respectively. The contribution of high-energy neutrons was the largest among them. Our study indicates that to reduce the risk of soft errors, secure distance and appropriate irradiation directions are necessary. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-500279b5c78d4ed99f96d474a9052019 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2644-1276 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-500279b5c78d4ed99f96d474a90520192025-01-28T00:02:07ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology2644-12762024-01-01515716210.1109/OJEMB.2024.335898910415187The Contribution of Secondary Particles Following Carbon Ion Radiotherapy to Soft Errors in CIEDsYudai Kawakami0https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1247-3547Makoto Sakai1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9928-2375Hiroaki Masuda2Masami Miyajima3Takao Kanzaki4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2220-260XKazutoshi Kobayashi5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7139-7274Tatsuya Ohno6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6703-3144Hiroshi Sakurai7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8132-8723Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, JapanGunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, JapanGunma University Hospital, Maebashi, JapanGunma University Hospital, Maebashi, JapanGunma University Hospital, Maebashi, JapanGraduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, JapanGunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, Maebashi, JapanGraduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Japan<italic>Introduction:</italic> While carbon ion radiotherapy is highly effective in cancer treatment, it has a high risk of causing soft error, which leads to malfunctions in cardiac implantable electrical devices (CIEDs). To predict the risk of malfunction prior to treatment, it is necessary to measure the reaction cross-sections and contributions to the soft error of secondary particles generated during treatments. <italic>Methods:</italic> A field-programmable gate array was used instead of CIEDs to measure soft errors by varying the energy spectrum of secondary particles. <italic>Results and discussion:</italic> The reaction cross-sections measured for each secondary particle were 3.0 × 10<sup>−9</sup>, 2.0 × 10<sup>−9</sup>, 1.3 × 10<sup>−8</sup>, and 1.5 × 10<sup>−8</sup> [cm<sup>2</sup>/Mb] for thermal neutrons, intermediate-energy neutrons, high-energy neutrons above 10 MeV, and protons, respectively. The contribution of high-energy neutrons was the largest among them. Our study indicates that to reduce the risk of soft errors, secure distance and appropriate irradiation directions are necessary.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10415187/Carbon ion radiotherapycardiac implantable electrical device (CIED)cross-sectionneutronsoft error |
| spellingShingle | Yudai Kawakami Makoto Sakai Hiroaki Masuda Masami Miyajima Takao Kanzaki Kazutoshi Kobayashi Tatsuya Ohno Hiroshi Sakurai The Contribution of Secondary Particles Following Carbon Ion Radiotherapy to Soft Errors in CIEDs IEEE Open Journal of Engineering in Medicine and Biology Carbon ion radiotherapy cardiac implantable electrical device (CIED) cross-section neutron soft error |
| title | The Contribution of Secondary Particles Following Carbon Ion Radiotherapy to Soft Errors in CIEDs |
| title_full | The Contribution of Secondary Particles Following Carbon Ion Radiotherapy to Soft Errors in CIEDs |
| title_fullStr | The Contribution of Secondary Particles Following Carbon Ion Radiotherapy to Soft Errors in CIEDs |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Contribution of Secondary Particles Following Carbon Ion Radiotherapy to Soft Errors in CIEDs |
| title_short | The Contribution of Secondary Particles Following Carbon Ion Radiotherapy to Soft Errors in CIEDs |
| title_sort | contribution of secondary particles following carbon ion radiotherapy to soft errors in cieds |
| topic | Carbon ion radiotherapy cardiac implantable electrical device (CIED) cross-section neutron soft error |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10415187/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yudaikawakami thecontributionofsecondaryparticlesfollowingcarbonionradiotherapytosofterrorsincieds AT makotosakai thecontributionofsecondaryparticlesfollowingcarbonionradiotherapytosofterrorsincieds AT hiroakimasuda thecontributionofsecondaryparticlesfollowingcarbonionradiotherapytosofterrorsincieds AT masamimiyajima thecontributionofsecondaryparticlesfollowingcarbonionradiotherapytosofterrorsincieds AT takaokanzaki thecontributionofsecondaryparticlesfollowingcarbonionradiotherapytosofterrorsincieds AT kazutoshikobayashi thecontributionofsecondaryparticlesfollowingcarbonionradiotherapytosofterrorsincieds AT tatsuyaohno thecontributionofsecondaryparticlesfollowingcarbonionradiotherapytosofterrorsincieds AT hiroshisakurai thecontributionofsecondaryparticlesfollowingcarbonionradiotherapytosofterrorsincieds AT yudaikawakami contributionofsecondaryparticlesfollowingcarbonionradiotherapytosofterrorsincieds AT makotosakai contributionofsecondaryparticlesfollowingcarbonionradiotherapytosofterrorsincieds AT hiroakimasuda contributionofsecondaryparticlesfollowingcarbonionradiotherapytosofterrorsincieds AT masamimiyajima contributionofsecondaryparticlesfollowingcarbonionradiotherapytosofterrorsincieds AT takaokanzaki contributionofsecondaryparticlesfollowingcarbonionradiotherapytosofterrorsincieds AT kazutoshikobayashi contributionofsecondaryparticlesfollowingcarbonionradiotherapytosofterrorsincieds AT tatsuyaohno contributionofsecondaryparticlesfollowingcarbonionradiotherapytosofterrorsincieds AT hiroshisakurai contributionofsecondaryparticlesfollowingcarbonionradiotherapytosofterrorsincieds |