Noninvasive markers for warning premature ovarian insufficiency: a Mendelian randomisation study

Abstract Background Early diagnosis and early delivery are the main strategies for the treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). However, POI warning markers, especially those that can be detected through noninvasive methods, are very limited; therefore, the identification of noninvasive m...

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Main Authors: Hangjing Tan, Jing Zhao, Baisheng Wang, Yanping Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of Ovarian Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-025-01696-1
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author Hangjing Tan
Jing Zhao
Baisheng Wang
Yanping Li
author_facet Hangjing Tan
Jing Zhao
Baisheng Wang
Yanping Li
author_sort Hangjing Tan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Early diagnosis and early delivery are the main strategies for the treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). However, POI warning markers, especially those that can be detected through noninvasive methods, are very limited; therefore, the identification of noninvasive markers for POI is urgent. Methods We acquired POI GWAS summary statistics from the FinnGen database. The metabolome, circulating plasma proteins, gut microbiota, immunophenotypes, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), and two proteomes were obtained for two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Specifically, we employed inverse variance weighted (IVW) as the main method to calculate the MR effect estimates. eQTL data (from the eQTLGen Consortium) were employed for SMR. Hub genes were identified using the String database and Cytoscape software. Potential mechanisms of POI were identified via pathway enrichment analysis of the identified genes and miRNAs. Results Three metabolites (sphinganine-1-phosphate levels, X-23636 levels, 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate levels), two circulating plasma proteins (fibroblast growth factor 23 levels, neurotrophin-3 levels), one gut microbiota (faecalibacterium abundance), one immunophenotype (HVEM on naive CD8 + T cells), 23 miRNAs (miR-500a-3p, miR-555, miR-584-5p, miR-642a-5p, miR-671-3p, miR-1324, miR-6870-3p, miR-1468-5p, miR-146a-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-3121-5p, miR-3184-3p, miR-3185, miR-335-5p, miR-4302, miR-4506, miR-6808-5p, miR-6894-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-149-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-3141, and miR-374b-5p), and three hub genes (ESR1, ERBB2, and GART) serve as warning markers for POI. Enrichment analysis indicated that pathways such as glutathione metabolism and the PI3 kinase pathway may be involved in mechanisms regulating POI. Conclusion Our results are the first to identify noninvasive predictors for POI via MR, providing contributions for early warning and fertility guidance for clinical POI patients.
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spelling doaj-art-4ff5b04c43ae4717bef6a48a8e2241ea2025-08-20T02:07:41ZengBMCJournal of Ovarian Research1757-22152025-06-011811910.1186/s13048-025-01696-1Noninvasive markers for warning premature ovarian insufficiency: a Mendelian randomisation studyHangjing Tan0Jing Zhao1Baisheng Wang2Yanping Li3Department of Reproductive Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityDepartment of Reproductive Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityHunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research, Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South UniversityDepartment of Reproductive Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityAbstract Background Early diagnosis and early delivery are the main strategies for the treatment of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). However, POI warning markers, especially those that can be detected through noninvasive methods, are very limited; therefore, the identification of noninvasive markers for POI is urgent. Methods We acquired POI GWAS summary statistics from the FinnGen database. The metabolome, circulating plasma proteins, gut microbiota, immunophenotypes, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), and two proteomes were obtained for two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Specifically, we employed inverse variance weighted (IVW) as the main method to calculate the MR effect estimates. eQTL data (from the eQTLGen Consortium) were employed for SMR. Hub genes were identified using the String database and Cytoscape software. Potential mechanisms of POI were identified via pathway enrichment analysis of the identified genes and miRNAs. Results Three metabolites (sphinganine-1-phosphate levels, X-23636 levels, 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate levels), two circulating plasma proteins (fibroblast growth factor 23 levels, neurotrophin-3 levels), one gut microbiota (faecalibacterium abundance), one immunophenotype (HVEM on naive CD8 + T cells), 23 miRNAs (miR-500a-3p, miR-555, miR-584-5p, miR-642a-5p, miR-671-3p, miR-1324, miR-6870-3p, miR-1468-5p, miR-146a-3p, miR-221-3p, miR-3121-5p, miR-3184-3p, miR-3185, miR-335-5p, miR-4302, miR-4506, miR-6808-5p, miR-6894-5p, miR-145-5p, miR-149-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-3141, and miR-374b-5p), and three hub genes (ESR1, ERBB2, and GART) serve as warning markers for POI. Enrichment analysis indicated that pathways such as glutathione metabolism and the PI3 kinase pathway may be involved in mechanisms regulating POI. Conclusion Our results are the first to identify noninvasive predictors for POI via MR, providing contributions for early warning and fertility guidance for clinical POI patients.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-025-01696-1Premature ovarian insufficiencyGenome-wide association studyMendelian randomizationNon-invasiveBiomarkers
spellingShingle Hangjing Tan
Jing Zhao
Baisheng Wang
Yanping Li
Noninvasive markers for warning premature ovarian insufficiency: a Mendelian randomisation study
Journal of Ovarian Research
Premature ovarian insufficiency
Genome-wide association study
Mendelian randomization
Non-invasive
Biomarkers
title Noninvasive markers for warning premature ovarian insufficiency: a Mendelian randomisation study
title_full Noninvasive markers for warning premature ovarian insufficiency: a Mendelian randomisation study
title_fullStr Noninvasive markers for warning premature ovarian insufficiency: a Mendelian randomisation study
title_full_unstemmed Noninvasive markers for warning premature ovarian insufficiency: a Mendelian randomisation study
title_short Noninvasive markers for warning premature ovarian insufficiency: a Mendelian randomisation study
title_sort noninvasive markers for warning premature ovarian insufficiency a mendelian randomisation study
topic Premature ovarian insufficiency
Genome-wide association study
Mendelian randomization
Non-invasive
Biomarkers
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13048-025-01696-1
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AT jingzhao noninvasivemarkersforwarningprematureovarianinsufficiencyamendelianrandomisationstudy
AT baishengwang noninvasivemarkersforwarningprematureovarianinsufficiencyamendelianrandomisationstudy
AT yanpingli noninvasivemarkersforwarningprematureovarianinsufficiencyamendelianrandomisationstudy