Use of approved cefazolin based intramammary dry goat treatment and its effects on the milk microbiota
Abstract Intramammary dry-off treatment is widely considered an effective method for preventing and curing intramammary infection (IMI) in lactating cows; however, it is not commonly used in small ruminants like goats. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of an approved cefazoli...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85120-0 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832594758214615040 |
|---|---|
| author | Delower Hossain Filippo Biscarini Valentina Monistero Paola Cremonesi Bianca Castiglioni Anoar Jamai Masroure Alessandro Marinoni Sara Fusar Poli Matteo Mezzetti Maria Filippa Addis Valerio Bronzo Erminio Trevisi Paolo Moroni |
| author_facet | Delower Hossain Filippo Biscarini Valentina Monistero Paola Cremonesi Bianca Castiglioni Anoar Jamai Masroure Alessandro Marinoni Sara Fusar Poli Matteo Mezzetti Maria Filippa Addis Valerio Bronzo Erminio Trevisi Paolo Moroni |
| author_sort | Delower Hossain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Intramammary dry-off treatment is widely considered an effective method for preventing and curing intramammary infection (IMI) in lactating cows; however, it is not commonly used in small ruminants like goats. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of an approved cefazolin-based intramammary treatment on the milk microbiota of Alpine dairy goats during the dry and early lactation periods. Sixty goats were randomly selected based on bacteriological results and randomly allocated into the control group (CG) or the treatment group (TG). Cefazolin 250 mg (Cefovet A, Dopharma, Firenze, Italy) was administered to the TG group at dry-off, whereas the CG received no treatment. Pooled milk samples were collected at dry-off (T1; 52 samples), colostrum (T2; 46 samples), and 5–10 days in milk (T3; 55 samples) for bacteriological analysis, somatic cell count (SCC), and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. SCC levels were initially high in both groups at T1 (TG: 1,588,000 cells/mL; CG: 1,629,000 cells/mL), which significantly decreased at T3 (TG: 148,000 cells/mL; CG: 153,000 cells/mL). Notably, the TG had fewer infected mammary glands than the CG at T3 (p = 0.0248), while no differences were found at T1 or T2. Despite the reduction in SCC and infection rates, cefazolin-based treatment did not significantly affect the alpha- and beta-diversity between the TG and CG. On the other hand, shifts in microbial composition, including fluctuations in Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, were primarily due to the lactation stage rather than the treatment. Differential abundance analyses identified non-pathogenic genera, such as Acinetobacter, Bacteroides, and Paracoccus, that varied between groups at different timepoints. The study provided insights into the effects of cefazolin-based dry goat treatment on goat milk microbiota and its changes during the lactation cycle, demonstrating its potential to reduce SCC and mammary gland infections without significant alterations to the milk microbiota. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4feca5d2afe64b919cb80ec5ebfa57e6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-4feca5d2afe64b919cb80ec5ebfa57e62025-01-19T12:19:53ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-85120-0Use of approved cefazolin based intramammary dry goat treatment and its effects on the milk microbiotaDelower Hossain0Filippo Biscarini1Valentina Monistero2Paola Cremonesi3Bianca Castiglioni4Anoar Jamai Masroure5Alessandro Marinoni6Sara Fusar Poli7Matteo Mezzetti8Maria Filippa Addis9Valerio Bronzo10Erminio Trevisi11Paolo Moroni12Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di MilanoInstitute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR)Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di MilanoInstitute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR)Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council (CNR)Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di MilanoDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di MilanoDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di MilanoDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di MilanoDipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro CuoreDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di MilanoAbstract Intramammary dry-off treatment is widely considered an effective method for preventing and curing intramammary infection (IMI) in lactating cows; however, it is not commonly used in small ruminants like goats. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of an approved cefazolin-based intramammary treatment on the milk microbiota of Alpine dairy goats during the dry and early lactation periods. Sixty goats were randomly selected based on bacteriological results and randomly allocated into the control group (CG) or the treatment group (TG). Cefazolin 250 mg (Cefovet A, Dopharma, Firenze, Italy) was administered to the TG group at dry-off, whereas the CG received no treatment. Pooled milk samples were collected at dry-off (T1; 52 samples), colostrum (T2; 46 samples), and 5–10 days in milk (T3; 55 samples) for bacteriological analysis, somatic cell count (SCC), and 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. SCC levels were initially high in both groups at T1 (TG: 1,588,000 cells/mL; CG: 1,629,000 cells/mL), which significantly decreased at T3 (TG: 148,000 cells/mL; CG: 153,000 cells/mL). Notably, the TG had fewer infected mammary glands than the CG at T3 (p = 0.0248), while no differences were found at T1 or T2. Despite the reduction in SCC and infection rates, cefazolin-based treatment did not significantly affect the alpha- and beta-diversity between the TG and CG. On the other hand, shifts in microbial composition, including fluctuations in Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, were primarily due to the lactation stage rather than the treatment. Differential abundance analyses identified non-pathogenic genera, such as Acinetobacter, Bacteroides, and Paracoccus, that varied between groups at different timepoints. The study provided insights into the effects of cefazolin-based dry goat treatment on goat milk microbiota and its changes during the lactation cycle, demonstrating its potential to reduce SCC and mammary gland infections without significant alterations to the milk microbiota.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85120-0Dairy goatDry-offCefazolinMilk microbiotaIntramammary infection |
| spellingShingle | Delower Hossain Filippo Biscarini Valentina Monistero Paola Cremonesi Bianca Castiglioni Anoar Jamai Masroure Alessandro Marinoni Sara Fusar Poli Matteo Mezzetti Maria Filippa Addis Valerio Bronzo Erminio Trevisi Paolo Moroni Use of approved cefazolin based intramammary dry goat treatment and its effects on the milk microbiota Scientific Reports Dairy goat Dry-off Cefazolin Milk microbiota Intramammary infection |
| title | Use of approved cefazolin based intramammary dry goat treatment and its effects on the milk microbiota |
| title_full | Use of approved cefazolin based intramammary dry goat treatment and its effects on the milk microbiota |
| title_fullStr | Use of approved cefazolin based intramammary dry goat treatment and its effects on the milk microbiota |
| title_full_unstemmed | Use of approved cefazolin based intramammary dry goat treatment and its effects on the milk microbiota |
| title_short | Use of approved cefazolin based intramammary dry goat treatment and its effects on the milk microbiota |
| title_sort | use of approved cefazolin based intramammary dry goat treatment and its effects on the milk microbiota |
| topic | Dairy goat Dry-off Cefazolin Milk microbiota Intramammary infection |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85120-0 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT delowerhossain useofapprovedcefazolinbasedintramammarydrygoattreatmentanditseffectsonthemilkmicrobiota AT filippobiscarini useofapprovedcefazolinbasedintramammarydrygoattreatmentanditseffectsonthemilkmicrobiota AT valentinamonistero useofapprovedcefazolinbasedintramammarydrygoattreatmentanditseffectsonthemilkmicrobiota AT paolacremonesi useofapprovedcefazolinbasedintramammarydrygoattreatmentanditseffectsonthemilkmicrobiota AT biancacastiglioni useofapprovedcefazolinbasedintramammarydrygoattreatmentanditseffectsonthemilkmicrobiota AT anoarjamaimasroure useofapprovedcefazolinbasedintramammarydrygoattreatmentanditseffectsonthemilkmicrobiota AT alessandromarinoni useofapprovedcefazolinbasedintramammarydrygoattreatmentanditseffectsonthemilkmicrobiota AT sarafusarpoli useofapprovedcefazolinbasedintramammarydrygoattreatmentanditseffectsonthemilkmicrobiota AT matteomezzetti useofapprovedcefazolinbasedintramammarydrygoattreatmentanditseffectsonthemilkmicrobiota AT mariafilippaaddis useofapprovedcefazolinbasedintramammarydrygoattreatmentanditseffectsonthemilkmicrobiota AT valeriobronzo useofapprovedcefazolinbasedintramammarydrygoattreatmentanditseffectsonthemilkmicrobiota AT erminiotrevisi useofapprovedcefazolinbasedintramammarydrygoattreatmentanditseffectsonthemilkmicrobiota AT paolomoroni useofapprovedcefazolinbasedintramammarydrygoattreatmentanditseffectsonthemilkmicrobiota |