Exploring Well-Being in Thoroughbred Horse Breeding: A Systematic Narrative Review Applying the PERMA+4 Framework

Background: Staff shortages in the horseracing industry may impact horse and staff well-being. Working conditions such as a high workload, and poor work-life balance are found to influence staff retention. Thoroughbred breeders and staff work long hours with limited job control. However, there is a...

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Main Authors: Claire McDonald, SarahJane Cullen, Siobhan O'Connor, Shane Noonan-Holohan, Giles Warrington, Jennifer Pugh, Adrian McGoldrick, Carol Nolan, Ciara Losty
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Rasayely 2025-05-01
Series:International Journal of Equine Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://rasayely-journals.com/index.php/ijes/article/view/174
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author Claire McDonald
SarahJane Cullen
Siobhan O'Connor
Shane Noonan-Holohan
Giles Warrington
Jennifer Pugh
Adrian McGoldrick
Carol Nolan
Ciara Losty
author_facet Claire McDonald
SarahJane Cullen
Siobhan O'Connor
Shane Noonan-Holohan
Giles Warrington
Jennifer Pugh
Adrian McGoldrick
Carol Nolan
Ciara Losty
author_sort Claire McDonald
collection DOAJ
description Background: Staff shortages in the horseracing industry may impact horse and staff well-being. Working conditions such as a high workload, and poor work-life balance are found to influence staff retention. Thoroughbred breeders and staff work long hours with limited job control. However, there is a dearth of research examining breeding staff well-being. Aims: This article aims to explore associations between working conditions and well-being in thoroughbred horse breeders and stud farm staff. Materials and methods: A search of studies published up to January 2025 and available in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO was performed and is reported in line with PRISMA-S.  Included articles were deductively coded into predetermined themes using the PERMA+4 framework for work-related well-being (positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, accomplishment, physical health, work environment, mindset, and economic security). Results: A total of 21 studies were included for narrative analysis spanning the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and Ireland. Results suggest that physical and psychosocial working conditions on stud farms may negatively impact staff well-being and retention through poor work-life balance, employee relations, and training and progression opportunities. Well-being may be influenced through the PERMA+4 dimensions of relationships, accomplishment, physical health, and work environment. Conclusion: This review demonstrates that the PERMA+4 model may be used as a theoretical framework to understand associations between working conditions and well-being in thoroughbred breeding work. Further research on the application of positive organizational psychology in this sector may increase understanding of and enhance staff well-being and retention.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2805-3109
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publishDate 2025-05-01
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series International Journal of Equine Science
spelling doaj-art-4fd7e97dab7e455fb11e75e9551e31c92025-08-21T09:56:37ZengRasayelyInternational Journal of Equine Science2805-31092805-31172025-05-01419110610.64292/ijes.174178Exploring Well-Being in Thoroughbred Horse Breeding: A Systematic Narrative Review Applying the PERMA+4 FrameworkClaire McDonald0https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9903-1774SarahJane Cullen1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0270-2706Siobhan O'Connor2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2001-0746Shane Noonan-Holohan3Giles Warrington4Jennifer Pugh5Adrian McGoldrick6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4905-6545Carol Nolan7Ciara Losty8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2946-2263South East Technological University, Waterford, X91 K0EK, IrelandDublin City University, Dublin, D09 V209, IrelandDublin City University, Dublin, D09 V209, IrelandSouth East Technological University, Waterford, X91 K0EK, IrelandUniversity of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, IrelandIrish Horseracing Regulatory Board, Kildare, R56 Y668, IrelandIrish Horseracing Regulatory Board, Kildare, R56 Y668, IrelandEquuip, Horse Racing Ireland, Kildare, R56 XE37, IrelandSouth East Technological University, Waterford, X91 K0EK, IrelandBackground: Staff shortages in the horseracing industry may impact horse and staff well-being. Working conditions such as a high workload, and poor work-life balance are found to influence staff retention. Thoroughbred breeders and staff work long hours with limited job control. However, there is a dearth of research examining breeding staff well-being. Aims: This article aims to explore associations between working conditions and well-being in thoroughbred horse breeders and stud farm staff. Materials and methods: A search of studies published up to January 2025 and available in PubMed, Scopus, and PsycINFO was performed and is reported in line with PRISMA-S.  Included articles were deductively coded into predetermined themes using the PERMA+4 framework for work-related well-being (positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, accomplishment, physical health, work environment, mindset, and economic security). Results: A total of 21 studies were included for narrative analysis spanning the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and Ireland. Results suggest that physical and psychosocial working conditions on stud farms may negatively impact staff well-being and retention through poor work-life balance, employee relations, and training and progression opportunities. Well-being may be influenced through the PERMA+4 dimensions of relationships, accomplishment, physical health, and work environment. Conclusion: This review demonstrates that the PERMA+4 model may be used as a theoretical framework to understand associations between working conditions and well-being in thoroughbred breeding work. Further research on the application of positive organizational psychology in this sector may increase understanding of and enhance staff well-being and retention.https://rasayely-journals.com/index.php/ijes/article/view/174mental healthwell-beingoccupational healthhorseracingstud farm staffworking environment
spellingShingle Claire McDonald
SarahJane Cullen
Siobhan O'Connor
Shane Noonan-Holohan
Giles Warrington
Jennifer Pugh
Adrian McGoldrick
Carol Nolan
Ciara Losty
Exploring Well-Being in Thoroughbred Horse Breeding: A Systematic Narrative Review Applying the PERMA+4 Framework
International Journal of Equine Science
mental health
well-being
occupational health
horseracing
stud farm staff
working environment
title Exploring Well-Being in Thoroughbred Horse Breeding: A Systematic Narrative Review Applying the PERMA+4 Framework
title_full Exploring Well-Being in Thoroughbred Horse Breeding: A Systematic Narrative Review Applying the PERMA+4 Framework
title_fullStr Exploring Well-Being in Thoroughbred Horse Breeding: A Systematic Narrative Review Applying the PERMA+4 Framework
title_full_unstemmed Exploring Well-Being in Thoroughbred Horse Breeding: A Systematic Narrative Review Applying the PERMA+4 Framework
title_short Exploring Well-Being in Thoroughbred Horse Breeding: A Systematic Narrative Review Applying the PERMA+4 Framework
title_sort exploring well being in thoroughbred horse breeding a systematic narrative review applying the perma 4 framework
topic mental health
well-being
occupational health
horseracing
stud farm staff
working environment
url https://rasayely-journals.com/index.php/ijes/article/view/174
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