Micro-to-nano-scale microstructural evolution and mechanical characteristics of (CrFeNiCu)100-xAlx high entropy alloys with x = 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 15 at.%

High entropy alloys (HEAs), as advanced materials, have gained significant attention over the past decade owing to their exceptional properties. As-cast (CrFeNiCu)100-xAlx HEAs (x = 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, and 15 at.%) were designed by adding Al as a minor element to the quaternary CrFeNiCu HEA to lead...

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Main Authors: Dilshodbek Yusupov, Sung Hwan Hong, Muhammad Aoun Abbas, Jun Su Ha, Gyeol Chan Kang, Elyorjon Jumaev, Hae Jin Park, Gian Song, Jürgen Eckert, Ki Buem Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425010269
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author Dilshodbek Yusupov
Sung Hwan Hong
Muhammad Aoun Abbas
Jun Su Ha
Gyeol Chan Kang
Elyorjon Jumaev
Hae Jin Park
Gian Song
Jürgen Eckert
Ki Buem Kim
author_facet Dilshodbek Yusupov
Sung Hwan Hong
Muhammad Aoun Abbas
Jun Su Ha
Gyeol Chan Kang
Elyorjon Jumaev
Hae Jin Park
Gian Song
Jürgen Eckert
Ki Buem Kim
author_sort Dilshodbek Yusupov
collection DOAJ
description High entropy alloys (HEAs), as advanced materials, have gained significant attention over the past decade owing to their exceptional properties. As-cast (CrFeNiCu)100-xAlx HEAs (x = 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, and 15 at.%) were designed by adding Al as a minor element to the quaternary CrFeNiCu HEA to lead microstructural evolution and enhancement of mechanical properties. Systematic microstructural analyses found that addition of Al content more than 7 at.% induced significant micro-to-nano-scale microstructural evolution. A minor addition of Al content lower than 5 at.% was ineffective to modulate the microstructure of the HEAs composed of CrFeNi-rich FCC1 and Cu-FCC2 phases. In contrast, the HEAs containing Al content higher than 7 at.% exhibited crucial microstructural evolution from dual-phase FCC1/FCC2 structure to multi-phase FCC1/FCC2/BCC structure. Furthermore, the primary BCC dendrite revealed a phase separation into nanoscale A2/B2 phase, and L12 nanoprecipitates formed in the FCC phase. The Al content with large negative mixing enthalpy with constituent elements induced the micro-to-nano-scale chemical evolution and heterogeneity, which resulted in micro-to-nano-scale microstructural evolution. The volume fraction of the BCC phase strongly depended on Al content and significantly improved the yield strength from 291 MPa to 1366 MPa and Vickers hardness from 134 HV to 475 HV. Although the increase in volume fraction of BCC phase in the HEAs decreased plasticity from a higher than 45 %–16.02 %, this result could be considered reasonable plasticity for engineering materials.
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spelling doaj-art-4fd79e98079e44bb9943c64ee56be8432025-08-20T03:14:45ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-05-01364882489210.1016/j.jmrt.2025.04.206Micro-to-nano-scale microstructural evolution and mechanical characteristics of (CrFeNiCu)100-xAlx high entropy alloys with x = 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 15 at.%Dilshodbek Yusupov0Sung Hwan Hong1Muhammad Aoun Abbas2Jun Su Ha3Gyeol Chan Kang4Elyorjon Jumaev5Hae Jin Park6Gian Song7Jürgen Eckert8Ki Buem Kim9Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author.Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of KoreaUniversity of Business and Science, 1 Gavhar Street, Chilanzar District, Tashkent, 100185, UzbekistanDepartment of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of KoreaDivision of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kongju National University, 1223-24, Cheonan-daero, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31080, Republic of KoreaErich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Jahnstraße 12, 8700, Leoben, Austria; Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, Jahnstraße 12, 8700, Leoben, AustriaDepartment of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author.High entropy alloys (HEAs), as advanced materials, have gained significant attention over the past decade owing to their exceptional properties. As-cast (CrFeNiCu)100-xAlx HEAs (x = 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12, and 15 at.%) were designed by adding Al as a minor element to the quaternary CrFeNiCu HEA to lead microstructural evolution and enhancement of mechanical properties. Systematic microstructural analyses found that addition of Al content more than 7 at.% induced significant micro-to-nano-scale microstructural evolution. A minor addition of Al content lower than 5 at.% was ineffective to modulate the microstructure of the HEAs composed of CrFeNi-rich FCC1 and Cu-FCC2 phases. In contrast, the HEAs containing Al content higher than 7 at.% exhibited crucial microstructural evolution from dual-phase FCC1/FCC2 structure to multi-phase FCC1/FCC2/BCC structure. Furthermore, the primary BCC dendrite revealed a phase separation into nanoscale A2/B2 phase, and L12 nanoprecipitates formed in the FCC phase. The Al content with large negative mixing enthalpy with constituent elements induced the micro-to-nano-scale chemical evolution and heterogeneity, which resulted in micro-to-nano-scale microstructural evolution. The volume fraction of the BCC phase strongly depended on Al content and significantly improved the yield strength from 291 MPa to 1366 MPa and Vickers hardness from 134 HV to 475 HV. Although the increase in volume fraction of BCC phase in the HEAs decreased plasticity from a higher than 45 %–16.02 %, this result could be considered reasonable plasticity for engineering materials.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425010269High entropy alloyMicrostructureMechanical propertiesNanoprecipitatesMorphology
spellingShingle Dilshodbek Yusupov
Sung Hwan Hong
Muhammad Aoun Abbas
Jun Su Ha
Gyeol Chan Kang
Elyorjon Jumaev
Hae Jin Park
Gian Song
Jürgen Eckert
Ki Buem Kim
Micro-to-nano-scale microstructural evolution and mechanical characteristics of (CrFeNiCu)100-xAlx high entropy alloys with x = 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 15 at.%
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
High entropy alloy
Microstructure
Mechanical properties
Nanoprecipitates
Morphology
title Micro-to-nano-scale microstructural evolution and mechanical characteristics of (CrFeNiCu)100-xAlx high entropy alloys with x = 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 15 at.%
title_full Micro-to-nano-scale microstructural evolution and mechanical characteristics of (CrFeNiCu)100-xAlx high entropy alloys with x = 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 15 at.%
title_fullStr Micro-to-nano-scale microstructural evolution and mechanical characteristics of (CrFeNiCu)100-xAlx high entropy alloys with x = 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 15 at.%
title_full_unstemmed Micro-to-nano-scale microstructural evolution and mechanical characteristics of (CrFeNiCu)100-xAlx high entropy alloys with x = 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 15 at.%
title_short Micro-to-nano-scale microstructural evolution and mechanical characteristics of (CrFeNiCu)100-xAlx high entropy alloys with x = 0, 3, 5, 7, 10, 12 and 15 at.%
title_sort micro to nano scale microstructural evolution and mechanical characteristics of crfenicu 100 xalx high entropy alloys with x 0 3 5 7 10 12 and 15 at
topic High entropy alloy
Microstructure
Mechanical properties
Nanoprecipitates
Morphology
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425010269
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