Nasal Stimulation Response in Neurologically Normal Dogs and Cats
ABSTRACT Background The range of normal responses to nasal stimulation (NSR) observed in neurologically intact dogs and cats has not been reported. Hypothesis/Objectives Report the responses range while performing NSR in neurologically normal dogs and cats. Animals Twenty dogs and twenty cats, all n...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2025-05-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70118 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850267407617097728 |
|---|---|
| author | Tomás Elvira Tim Sparks Julien Guevar Vicente Aige Rodrigo Gutierrez‐Quintana Josep Brocal |
| author_facet | Tomás Elvira Tim Sparks Julien Guevar Vicente Aige Rodrigo Gutierrez‐Quintana Josep Brocal |
| author_sort | Tomás Elvira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Background The range of normal responses to nasal stimulation (NSR) observed in neurologically intact dogs and cats has not been reported. Hypothesis/Objectives Report the responses range while performing NSR in neurologically normal dogs and cats. Animals Twenty dogs and twenty cats, all neurologically normal. Methods Prospective descriptive study. Nasal stimulation response testing was performed four times in each animal. Responses to NSR were recorded and described. Neuroanatomical cadaveric evaluation was then performed to attempt to correlate the responses with anatomy. Results Withdrawal of the head was the most common response observed in both dogs and cats; it was present in all animals and during 150/160 stimulations. Other observed responses included lip lick response (39/40 animals and in 121/160 stimulations) and startle response (17/40 animals and in 34/160 stimulations). The latter was present in cats significantly (p = 0.026) more often (8/80 of stimulations in dogs and in 26/80 of stimulations in cats). The location of the examination (home vs veterinary hospital), stress, or covering the eyes did not significantly affect the responses. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Relevance Withdrawal of the head is a consistent response, but in its absence, looking for lip lick or a startle response could support the normal function of the pathway. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4fd41bdf7e524af0bfcf6fc3d87c472b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0891-6640 1939-1676 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-4fd41bdf7e524af0bfcf6fc3d87c472b2025-08-20T01:53:49ZengWileyJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine0891-66401939-16762025-05-01393n/an/a10.1111/jvim.70118Nasal Stimulation Response in Neurologically Normal Dogs and CatsTomás Elvira0Tim Sparks1Julien Guevar2Vicente Aige3Rodrigo Gutierrez‐Quintana4Josep Brocal5Anderson Moores Veterinary Specialists Part of Linnaeus Veterinary Limited Hursley UKWaltham Petcare Science Institute Leicestershire UKAnicura Tierklinik Thun Thun SwitzerlandDepartamento de Sanidad y Anatomía Animales, Facultad de Veterinaria Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona Barcelona SpainDivision of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow UKVeterinary Specialty Hospital of Hong Kong Wan Chai Hong KongABSTRACT Background The range of normal responses to nasal stimulation (NSR) observed in neurologically intact dogs and cats has not been reported. Hypothesis/Objectives Report the responses range while performing NSR in neurologically normal dogs and cats. Animals Twenty dogs and twenty cats, all neurologically normal. Methods Prospective descriptive study. Nasal stimulation response testing was performed four times in each animal. Responses to NSR were recorded and described. Neuroanatomical cadaveric evaluation was then performed to attempt to correlate the responses with anatomy. Results Withdrawal of the head was the most common response observed in both dogs and cats; it was present in all animals and during 150/160 stimulations. Other observed responses included lip lick response (39/40 animals and in 121/160 stimulations) and startle response (17/40 animals and in 34/160 stimulations). The latter was present in cats significantly (p = 0.026) more often (8/80 of stimulations in dogs and in 26/80 of stimulations in cats). The location of the examination (home vs veterinary hospital), stress, or covering the eyes did not significantly affect the responses. Conclusion and Clinical Importance Relevance Withdrawal of the head is a consistent response, but in its absence, looking for lip lick or a startle response could support the normal function of the pathway.https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70118conscious responseneurolocalisationneurological examinationtrigeminal nerve |
| spellingShingle | Tomás Elvira Tim Sparks Julien Guevar Vicente Aige Rodrigo Gutierrez‐Quintana Josep Brocal Nasal Stimulation Response in Neurologically Normal Dogs and Cats Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine conscious response neurolocalisation neurological examination trigeminal nerve |
| title | Nasal Stimulation Response in Neurologically Normal Dogs and Cats |
| title_full | Nasal Stimulation Response in Neurologically Normal Dogs and Cats |
| title_fullStr | Nasal Stimulation Response in Neurologically Normal Dogs and Cats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nasal Stimulation Response in Neurologically Normal Dogs and Cats |
| title_short | Nasal Stimulation Response in Neurologically Normal Dogs and Cats |
| title_sort | nasal stimulation response in neurologically normal dogs and cats |
| topic | conscious response neurolocalisation neurological examination trigeminal nerve |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70118 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT tomaselvira nasalstimulationresponseinneurologicallynormaldogsandcats AT timsparks nasalstimulationresponseinneurologicallynormaldogsandcats AT julienguevar nasalstimulationresponseinneurologicallynormaldogsandcats AT vicenteaige nasalstimulationresponseinneurologicallynormaldogsandcats AT rodrigogutierrezquintana nasalstimulationresponseinneurologicallynormaldogsandcats AT josepbrocal nasalstimulationresponseinneurologicallynormaldogsandcats |