Interdigitated Gear-Shaped Screen-Printed Electrode Using G-PANI Ink for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine

In this research, a novel interdigitated gear-shaped, graphene-based electrochemical biosensor was developed for the detection of dopamine (DA). The sensor’s innovative design improves the active surface area by 94.52% and 57% compared to commercially available Metrohm DropSens 110 screen-printed se...

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Main Authors: Pritu Parna Sarkar, Ridma Tabassum, Ahmed Hasnain Jalal, Ali Ashraf, Nazmul Islam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/13/6/84
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author Pritu Parna Sarkar
Ridma Tabassum
Ahmed Hasnain Jalal
Ali Ashraf
Nazmul Islam
author_facet Pritu Parna Sarkar
Ridma Tabassum
Ahmed Hasnain Jalal
Ali Ashraf
Nazmul Islam
author_sort Pritu Parna Sarkar
collection DOAJ
description In this research, a novel interdigitated gear-shaped, graphene-based electrochemical biosensor was developed for the detection of dopamine (DA). The sensor’s innovative design improves the active surface area by 94.52% and 57% compared to commercially available Metrohm DropSens 110 screen-printed sensors and printed circular sensors, respectively. The screen-printed electrode was fabricated using laser processing and modified with graphene polyaniline conductive ink (G-PANI) to enhance its electrochemical properties. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize the physiochemical properties of the sensor. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter crucial for several body functions, was detected within a linear range of 0.1–100 µM, with a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.043 µM (coefficient of determination, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.98) in phosphate-buffer saline (PBS) with ferri/ferrocyanide as the redox probe. The performance of the sensor was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Chronoamperometry, demonstrating high sensitivity and selectivity. The interdigitated gear-shaped design exhibited excellent repeatability, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.2% (<i>n</i> = 4) and reproducibility, with an RSD of 2.3% (<i>n</i> = 4). In addition to detecting dopamine in human serum, the sensor effectively distinguished dopamine in a ternary mixture containing uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA). Overall, this novel sensor design offers a reliable, disposable, and cost-effective solution for dopamine detection, with potential applications in medical diagnostics and neurological research.
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spelling doaj-art-4fc8691867d64a4aa41381d8f06dddf52025-08-20T02:53:20ZengMDPI AGJournal of Sensor and Actuator Networks2224-27082024-12-011368410.3390/jsan13060084Interdigitated Gear-Shaped Screen-Printed Electrode Using G-PANI Ink for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of DopaminePritu Parna Sarkar0Ridma Tabassum1Ahmed Hasnain Jalal2Ali Ashraf3Nazmul Islam4Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USADepartment of Bioengineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USADepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USADepartment of Electrical & Computer Engineering, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USAIn this research, a novel interdigitated gear-shaped, graphene-based electrochemical biosensor was developed for the detection of dopamine (DA). The sensor’s innovative design improves the active surface area by 94.52% and 57% compared to commercially available Metrohm DropSens 110 screen-printed sensors and printed circular sensors, respectively. The screen-printed electrode was fabricated using laser processing and modified with graphene polyaniline conductive ink (G-PANI) to enhance its electrochemical properties. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize the physiochemical properties of the sensor. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter crucial for several body functions, was detected within a linear range of 0.1–100 µM, with a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.043 µM (coefficient of determination, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.98) in phosphate-buffer saline (PBS) with ferri/ferrocyanide as the redox probe. The performance of the sensor was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and Chronoamperometry, demonstrating high sensitivity and selectivity. The interdigitated gear-shaped design exhibited excellent repeatability, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.2% (<i>n</i> = 4) and reproducibility, with an RSD of 2.3% (<i>n</i> = 4). In addition to detecting dopamine in human serum, the sensor effectively distinguished dopamine in a ternary mixture containing uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA). Overall, this novel sensor design offers a reliable, disposable, and cost-effective solution for dopamine detection, with potential applications in medical diagnostics and neurological research.https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/13/6/84printable sensor designflexible sensor applicationssensor coatingsdopamine
spellingShingle Pritu Parna Sarkar
Ridma Tabassum
Ahmed Hasnain Jalal
Ali Ashraf
Nazmul Islam
Interdigitated Gear-Shaped Screen-Printed Electrode Using G-PANI Ink for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine
Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks
printable sensor design
flexible sensor applications
sensor coatings
dopamine
title Interdigitated Gear-Shaped Screen-Printed Electrode Using G-PANI Ink for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine
title_full Interdigitated Gear-Shaped Screen-Printed Electrode Using G-PANI Ink for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine
title_fullStr Interdigitated Gear-Shaped Screen-Printed Electrode Using G-PANI Ink for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine
title_full_unstemmed Interdigitated Gear-Shaped Screen-Printed Electrode Using G-PANI Ink for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine
title_short Interdigitated Gear-Shaped Screen-Printed Electrode Using G-PANI Ink for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine
title_sort interdigitated gear shaped screen printed electrode using g pani ink for sensitive electrochemical detection of dopamine
topic printable sensor design
flexible sensor applications
sensor coatings
dopamine
url https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/13/6/84
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