Optimized Deployment of Generalized OCDM in Deep-Sea Shadow-Zone Underwater Acoustic Channels

Communication in deep-sea shadow zones remains a significant challenge due to high propagation losses, complex multipath effects, long transmission delays, and strong environmental influences. In recent years, orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM) has demonstrated promising performance in un...

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Main Authors: Haodong Yu, Cheng Chi, Yongxing Fan, Zhanqing Pu, Wei Wang, Li Yin, Yu Li, Haining Huang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/7/1312
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author Haodong Yu
Cheng Chi
Yongxing Fan
Zhanqing Pu
Wei Wang
Li Yin
Yu Li
Haining Huang
author_facet Haodong Yu
Cheng Chi
Yongxing Fan
Zhanqing Pu
Wei Wang
Li Yin
Yu Li
Haining Huang
author_sort Haodong Yu
collection DOAJ
description Communication in deep-sea shadow zones remains a significant challenge due to high propagation losses, complex multipath effects, long transmission delays, and strong environmental influences. In recent years, orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM) has demonstrated promising performance in underwater acoustic communication due to its robustness against multipath interference. However, its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) limits its reliability and efficiency in deep-sea shadow-zone environments. This study applies a recently proposed generalized orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (GOCDM) modulation scheme to deep-sea shadow-zone communication. GOCDM follows the same principles as orthogonal signal division multiplexing (OSDM) while offering the advantage of a reduced PAPR. By segmenting the data signal into multiple vector blocks, GOCDM enables flexible resource allocation, optimizing the PAPR without compromising performance. Theoretical analysis and practical simulations confirm that GOCDM preserves the full frequency diversity benefits of traditional OCDM, while mitigating PARR-related limitations. Additionally, deep-sea experiments were carried out to evaluate the practical performance of GOCDM in shadow-zone environments. The experimental results demonstrate that GOCDM achieves superior performance under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, where the system attains a 0 bit error rate (BER) at 4.2 dB and 6.8 dB, making it a promising solution for enhancing underwater acoustic communication in challenging deep-sea environments.
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institution Kabale University
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series Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
spelling doaj-art-4fc47c0f572449448ace26fabf5a2fc72025-08-20T03:36:14ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-07-01137131210.3390/jmse13071312Optimized Deployment of Generalized OCDM in Deep-Sea Shadow-Zone Underwater Acoustic ChannelsHaodong Yu0Cheng Chi1Yongxing Fan2Zhanqing Pu3Wei Wang4Li Yin5Yu Li6Haining Huang7Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 North 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100190, ChinaInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 North 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100190, ChinaInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 North 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100190, ChinaInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 North 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100190, ChinaInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 North 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100190, ChinaInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 North 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100190, ChinaInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 North 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100190, ChinaInstitute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 21 North 4th Ring Road, Beijing 100190, ChinaCommunication in deep-sea shadow zones remains a significant challenge due to high propagation losses, complex multipath effects, long transmission delays, and strong environmental influences. In recent years, orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM) has demonstrated promising performance in underwater acoustic communication due to its robustness against multipath interference. However, its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) limits its reliability and efficiency in deep-sea shadow-zone environments. This study applies a recently proposed generalized orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (GOCDM) modulation scheme to deep-sea shadow-zone communication. GOCDM follows the same principles as orthogonal signal division multiplexing (OSDM) while offering the advantage of a reduced PAPR. By segmenting the data signal into multiple vector blocks, GOCDM enables flexible resource allocation, optimizing the PAPR without compromising performance. Theoretical analysis and practical simulations confirm that GOCDM preserves the full frequency diversity benefits of traditional OCDM, while mitigating PARR-related limitations. Additionally, deep-sea experiments were carried out to evaluate the practical performance of GOCDM in shadow-zone environments. The experimental results demonstrate that GOCDM achieves superior performance under low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, where the system attains a 0 bit error rate (BER) at 4.2 dB and 6.8 dB, making it a promising solution for enhancing underwater acoustic communication in challenging deep-sea environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/7/1312underwater acoustic communicationmulticarrier modulationdeep-sea communicationorthogonal chirp division multiplexing
spellingShingle Haodong Yu
Cheng Chi
Yongxing Fan
Zhanqing Pu
Wei Wang
Li Yin
Yu Li
Haining Huang
Optimized Deployment of Generalized OCDM in Deep-Sea Shadow-Zone Underwater Acoustic Channels
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
underwater acoustic communication
multicarrier modulation
deep-sea communication
orthogonal chirp division multiplexing
title Optimized Deployment of Generalized OCDM in Deep-Sea Shadow-Zone Underwater Acoustic Channels
title_full Optimized Deployment of Generalized OCDM in Deep-Sea Shadow-Zone Underwater Acoustic Channels
title_fullStr Optimized Deployment of Generalized OCDM in Deep-Sea Shadow-Zone Underwater Acoustic Channels
title_full_unstemmed Optimized Deployment of Generalized OCDM in Deep-Sea Shadow-Zone Underwater Acoustic Channels
title_short Optimized Deployment of Generalized OCDM in Deep-Sea Shadow-Zone Underwater Acoustic Channels
title_sort optimized deployment of generalized ocdm in deep sea shadow zone underwater acoustic channels
topic underwater acoustic communication
multicarrier modulation
deep-sea communication
orthogonal chirp division multiplexing
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/7/1312
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