Fast perceptual learning induces location-specific facilitation and suppression at early stages of visual cortical processing

Tens of minutes of training can significantly improve visual discriminability of human adults, and this fast perceptual learning (PL) effect is usually specific to the trained location, with little transfer to untrained locations. Although location specificity is generally considered as a hallmark o...

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Main Authors: Yajie Wang, Zhe Qu, You Wang, Mingze Sun, Mengting Mao, Yulong Ding
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-01-01
Series:Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1473644/full
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author Yajie Wang
Zhe Qu
You Wang
Mingze Sun
Mengting Mao
Yulong Ding
author_facet Yajie Wang
Zhe Qu
You Wang
Mingze Sun
Mengting Mao
Yulong Ding
author_sort Yajie Wang
collection DOAJ
description Tens of minutes of training can significantly improve visual discriminability of human adults, and this fast perceptual learning (PL) effect is usually specific to the trained location, with little transfer to untrained locations. Although location specificity is generally considered as a hallmark of visual PL, it remains unclear whether it involves both facilitation of trained locations and suppression of untrained locations. Here we developed a novel experimental design to investigate the cognitive neural mechanism of location specificity of fast PL. Specifically, we manipulated attentional settings and recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) in both the training and tests. To get reliable location-specific PL effects on early ERPs, we adopted a new approach involving analysis of contralateral-minus-ipsilateral P1 (P1c-i). ERP results showed that tens of minutes of training not only increased the late P1c-i (~100–120 ms) evoked by targets at the trained location, but also decreased the early P1c-i (~75–95 ms) evoked by distractors at the untrained location, both of which were location specific. Moreover, comparison between the pretest and posttest revealed that the suppression effect of early P1c-i preserved even when the untrained location became target location, whereas the facilitation effect of late P1c-i appeared only when the trained location remained actively attended. These findings provide the first evidence that fast PL induces both location-specific facilitation and location-specific suppression at early stages of visual cortical processing. We speculate that while the facilitation effect indicates more efficient allocation of voluntary attention to the trained location induced by fast PL, the suppression effect may reflect learning-associated involuntary suppression of visual processing at the untrained location. Several confounding factors with regard to the early ERP effects of PL are discussed, and some important issues worth further investigation are proposed.
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spelling doaj-art-4fa60aa7270045c99b89c4abafedd83a2025-08-20T02:46:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612025-01-011810.3389/fnhum.2024.14736441473644Fast perceptual learning induces location-specific facilitation and suppression at early stages of visual cortical processingYajie Wang0Zhe Qu1You Wang2Mingze Sun3Mengting Mao4Yulong Ding5School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, ChinaSchool of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, ChinaTens of minutes of training can significantly improve visual discriminability of human adults, and this fast perceptual learning (PL) effect is usually specific to the trained location, with little transfer to untrained locations. Although location specificity is generally considered as a hallmark of visual PL, it remains unclear whether it involves both facilitation of trained locations and suppression of untrained locations. Here we developed a novel experimental design to investigate the cognitive neural mechanism of location specificity of fast PL. Specifically, we manipulated attentional settings and recorded event-related potentials (ERPs) in both the training and tests. To get reliable location-specific PL effects on early ERPs, we adopted a new approach involving analysis of contralateral-minus-ipsilateral P1 (P1c-i). ERP results showed that tens of minutes of training not only increased the late P1c-i (~100–120 ms) evoked by targets at the trained location, but also decreased the early P1c-i (~75–95 ms) evoked by distractors at the untrained location, both of which were location specific. Moreover, comparison between the pretest and posttest revealed that the suppression effect of early P1c-i preserved even when the untrained location became target location, whereas the facilitation effect of late P1c-i appeared only when the trained location remained actively attended. These findings provide the first evidence that fast PL induces both location-specific facilitation and location-specific suppression at early stages of visual cortical processing. We speculate that while the facilitation effect indicates more efficient allocation of voluntary attention to the trained location induced by fast PL, the suppression effect may reflect learning-associated involuntary suppression of visual processing at the untrained location. Several confounding factors with regard to the early ERP effects of PL are discussed, and some important issues worth further investigation are proposed.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1473644/fullfast perceptual learninglocation specificityspatial attentiontarget facilitation and distractor suppressionP1ERP
spellingShingle Yajie Wang
Zhe Qu
You Wang
Mingze Sun
Mengting Mao
Yulong Ding
Fast perceptual learning induces location-specific facilitation and suppression at early stages of visual cortical processing
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
fast perceptual learning
location specificity
spatial attention
target facilitation and distractor suppression
P1
ERP
title Fast perceptual learning induces location-specific facilitation and suppression at early stages of visual cortical processing
title_full Fast perceptual learning induces location-specific facilitation and suppression at early stages of visual cortical processing
title_fullStr Fast perceptual learning induces location-specific facilitation and suppression at early stages of visual cortical processing
title_full_unstemmed Fast perceptual learning induces location-specific facilitation and suppression at early stages of visual cortical processing
title_short Fast perceptual learning induces location-specific facilitation and suppression at early stages of visual cortical processing
title_sort fast perceptual learning induces location specific facilitation and suppression at early stages of visual cortical processing
topic fast perceptual learning
location specificity
spatial attention
target facilitation and distractor suppression
P1
ERP
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2024.1473644/full
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