Variants in Nucleotide Sequences; Gene Expression; and Hematological, Immune, and Antioxidant Biomarkers Linked to Pneumonia Risk in Holstein Calves
Pneumonia is a major issue that affects calves’ health and performance and causes numerous losses despite treatment. Investigating genetic and molecular differences, as well as immunological and antioxidant responses, in calves at risk for pneumonia was the aim of this study. A total of 225 calves w...
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2025-06-01
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| author | Ahmed El-Sayed Attia Eissa Doaa Ebrahim Ahmed Ateya Hossam Gadalla Hanan M. Alharbi Khairiah M. Alwutayd Manal A. Babaker Aya Aly Elzeer |
| author_facet | Ahmed El-Sayed Attia Eissa Doaa Ebrahim Ahmed Ateya Hossam Gadalla Hanan M. Alharbi Khairiah M. Alwutayd Manal A. Babaker Aya Aly Elzeer |
| author_sort | Ahmed El-Sayed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pneumonia is a major issue that affects calves’ health and performance and causes numerous losses despite treatment. Investigating genetic and molecular differences, as well as immunological and antioxidant responses, in calves at risk for pneumonia was the aim of this study. A total of 225 calves were studied, including 180 Holstein calves with respiratory signs and 45 calves that were apparently healthy. Blood samples were collected for CBC, RNA extractions, and immunological and antioxidant analysis. In contrast to the control group, the pneumonic one showed a considerable (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase in the expression levels of cytokines and antioxidant genes IL1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and NOX4. In contrast, the values of IL10, PRDX6, ATG7, and NDUFS6 were in the opposite range. The pneumonic and healthy calves were found to differ in the nucleotide sequences of the genes under analysis. In pneumonic calves, a substantial (<i>p</i> ˂0.05) reduction was detected in RBCs, Hb count, PCV%, and lymphocytes count, and a notable (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.05) increase in WBCs and neutrophil count was correlated with healthy control calves. The findings of the serum profile showed that there was a meaningful (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.05) rise in the serum values of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and MDA, with significant reductions in the SOD, GSH, TAC, and IL-10 in the pneumonic compared to the healthy calves. Our results provide valuable information about the nucleotide sequence, gene expression, and serum profile differences of putative indicators for pneumonia in calves. This could be applied in monitoring calves’ pneumonia through the discriminate breeding of naturally resistant animals. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4fa569fbd3774d7d9803a7b70ec5b4bd |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-4fa569fbd3774d7d9803a7b70ec5b4bd2025-08-20T03:56:49ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-06-0112762010.3390/vetsci12070620Variants in Nucleotide Sequences; Gene Expression; and Hematological, Immune, and Antioxidant Biomarkers Linked to Pneumonia Risk in Holstein CalvesAhmed El-Sayed0Attia Eissa1Doaa Ebrahim2Ahmed Ateya3Hossam Gadalla4Hanan M. Alharbi5Khairiah M. Alwutayd6Manal A. Babaker7Aya Aly Elzeer8Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo 11753, EgyptDepartment of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Arish University, Arish 45511, EgyptDepartment of Respiratory Center, College of Applied Medical Sciences-Jubal 4030 (CAMSJ), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Al Jubail 38516, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptDepartment of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of science, Majmaah University, Al Majmaah 11952, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, EgyptPneumonia is a major issue that affects calves’ health and performance and causes numerous losses despite treatment. Investigating genetic and molecular differences, as well as immunological and antioxidant responses, in calves at risk for pneumonia was the aim of this study. A total of 225 calves were studied, including 180 Holstein calves with respiratory signs and 45 calves that were apparently healthy. Blood samples were collected for CBC, RNA extractions, and immunological and antioxidant analysis. In contrast to the control group, the pneumonic one showed a considerable (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increase in the expression levels of cytokines and antioxidant genes IL1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and NOX4. In contrast, the values of IL10, PRDX6, ATG7, and NDUFS6 were in the opposite range. The pneumonic and healthy calves were found to differ in the nucleotide sequences of the genes under analysis. In pneumonic calves, a substantial (<i>p</i> ˂0.05) reduction was detected in RBCs, Hb count, PCV%, and lymphocytes count, and a notable (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.05) increase in WBCs and neutrophil count was correlated with healthy control calves. The findings of the serum profile showed that there was a meaningful (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.05) rise in the serum values of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and MDA, with significant reductions in the SOD, GSH, TAC, and IL-10 in the pneumonic compared to the healthy calves. Our results provide valuable information about the nucleotide sequence, gene expression, and serum profile differences of putative indicators for pneumonia in calves. This could be applied in monitoring calves’ pneumonia through the discriminate breeding of naturally resistant animals.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/620antioxidantscalveshematologyinterleukingenetic polymorphismspneumonia |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed El-Sayed Attia Eissa Doaa Ebrahim Ahmed Ateya Hossam Gadalla Hanan M. Alharbi Khairiah M. Alwutayd Manal A. Babaker Aya Aly Elzeer Variants in Nucleotide Sequences; Gene Expression; and Hematological, Immune, and Antioxidant Biomarkers Linked to Pneumonia Risk in Holstein Calves Veterinary Sciences antioxidants calves hematology interleukin genetic polymorphisms pneumonia |
| title | Variants in Nucleotide Sequences; Gene Expression; and Hematological, Immune, and Antioxidant Biomarkers Linked to Pneumonia Risk in Holstein Calves |
| title_full | Variants in Nucleotide Sequences; Gene Expression; and Hematological, Immune, and Antioxidant Biomarkers Linked to Pneumonia Risk in Holstein Calves |
| title_fullStr | Variants in Nucleotide Sequences; Gene Expression; and Hematological, Immune, and Antioxidant Biomarkers Linked to Pneumonia Risk in Holstein Calves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Variants in Nucleotide Sequences; Gene Expression; and Hematological, Immune, and Antioxidant Biomarkers Linked to Pneumonia Risk in Holstein Calves |
| title_short | Variants in Nucleotide Sequences; Gene Expression; and Hematological, Immune, and Antioxidant Biomarkers Linked to Pneumonia Risk in Holstein Calves |
| title_sort | variants in nucleotide sequences gene expression and hematological immune and antioxidant biomarkers linked to pneumonia risk in holstein calves |
| topic | antioxidants calves hematology interleukin genetic polymorphisms pneumonia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/7/620 |
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