Molecular subtyping and precision therapy for esophageal cancer

Abstract Esophageal cancer (EC) is a prevalent malignancy of the digestive tract with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Two main types of EC, Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), differ significantly in their molecular characteristics and response to tr...

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Main Authors: Guangkun Pei, Zhuoran Liang, Bianli Gu, Linlin Shi, Ze‐Xian Liu, Shegan Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley-VCH 2025-05-01
Series:Interdisciplinary Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/INMD.20240105
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author Guangkun Pei
Zhuoran Liang
Bianli Gu
Linlin Shi
Ze‐Xian Liu
Shegan Gao
author_facet Guangkun Pei
Zhuoran Liang
Bianli Gu
Linlin Shi
Ze‐Xian Liu
Shegan Gao
author_sort Guangkun Pei
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Esophageal cancer (EC) is a prevalent malignancy of the digestive tract with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Two main types of EC, Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), differ significantly in their molecular characteristics and response to treatment. Current clinical management primarily involves surgery and chemoradiotherapy; however, the limited efficacy and severe side effects of traditional treatments have led to unsatisfactory outcomes. Recent advancements in molecular classification and precision therapy offer new strategies for improving EC treatment. This article reviews the progress in the molecular classification of EC and its application in precision therapy, providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for clinical management. We emphasize how multiple omics, such as genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, enhance our understanding of the molecular characteristics of EC. Additionally, we analyze current clinical research and the effectiveness of targeted therapies and immunotherapies. We found that significant progress has been made in the molecular classification of EC, and studies have revealed the impact of multiple key gene mutations and signaling pathways (e.g., TP53, PIK3CA, EGFR) across different subtypes. Although targeted therapy and immunotherapy have shown good clinical efficacy, challenges such as high heterogeneity and drug resistance persist in current precision therapy. Future research should focus on overcoming drug resistance, finding new biomarkers, and optimizing treatment strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-4fa4d924e4ec4a17b9985048a559f7cb2025-08-20T02:30:34ZengWiley-VCHInterdisciplinary Medicine2832-62452025-05-0133n/an/a10.1002/INMD.20240105Molecular subtyping and precision therapy for esophageal cancerGuangkun Pei0Zhuoran Liang1Bianli Gu2Linlin Shi3Ze‐Xian Liu4Shegan Gao5Henan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics Cancer Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital (College of Clinical Medicine) of Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang ChinaState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou ChinaHenan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics Cancer Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital (College of Clinical Medicine) of Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang ChinaHenan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics Cancer Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital (College of Clinical Medicine) of Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang ChinaState Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center Guangzhou ChinaHenan Key Laboratory of Microbiome and Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment Henan Key Laboratory of Cancer Epigenetics Cancer Hospital The First Affiliated Hospital (College of Clinical Medicine) of Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang ChinaAbstract Esophageal cancer (EC) is a prevalent malignancy of the digestive tract with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Two main types of EC, Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), differ significantly in their molecular characteristics and response to treatment. Current clinical management primarily involves surgery and chemoradiotherapy; however, the limited efficacy and severe side effects of traditional treatments have led to unsatisfactory outcomes. Recent advancements in molecular classification and precision therapy offer new strategies for improving EC treatment. This article reviews the progress in the molecular classification of EC and its application in precision therapy, providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for clinical management. We emphasize how multiple omics, such as genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics, enhance our understanding of the molecular characteristics of EC. Additionally, we analyze current clinical research and the effectiveness of targeted therapies and immunotherapies. We found that significant progress has been made in the molecular classification of EC, and studies have revealed the impact of multiple key gene mutations and signaling pathways (e.g., TP53, PIK3CA, EGFR) across different subtypes. Although targeted therapy and immunotherapy have shown good clinical efficacy, challenges such as high heterogeneity and drug resistance persist in current precision therapy. Future research should focus on overcoming drug resistance, finding new biomarkers, and optimizing treatment strategies.https://doi.org/10.1002/INMD.20240105esophageal cancerimmunotherapymolecular typingtargeted therapy
spellingShingle Guangkun Pei
Zhuoran Liang
Bianli Gu
Linlin Shi
Ze‐Xian Liu
Shegan Gao
Molecular subtyping and precision therapy for esophageal cancer
Interdisciplinary Medicine
esophageal cancer
immunotherapy
molecular typing
targeted therapy
title Molecular subtyping and precision therapy for esophageal cancer
title_full Molecular subtyping and precision therapy for esophageal cancer
title_fullStr Molecular subtyping and precision therapy for esophageal cancer
title_full_unstemmed Molecular subtyping and precision therapy for esophageal cancer
title_short Molecular subtyping and precision therapy for esophageal cancer
title_sort molecular subtyping and precision therapy for esophageal cancer
topic esophageal cancer
immunotherapy
molecular typing
targeted therapy
url https://doi.org/10.1002/INMD.20240105
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AT zhuoranliang molecularsubtypingandprecisiontherapyforesophagealcancer
AT bianligu molecularsubtypingandprecisiontherapyforesophagealcancer
AT linlinshi molecularsubtypingandprecisiontherapyforesophagealcancer
AT zexianliu molecularsubtypingandprecisiontherapyforesophagealcancer
AT shegangao molecularsubtypingandprecisiontherapyforesophagealcancer