Stress enhances expression of calcium‐binding proteins and NMDAR subunit genes in the rat hippocampus
Abstract Backgrounds Oxidative stress impairs the function of calcium‐binding proteins and deregulates calcium signaling in living organisms. We have previously explored the overexpression of calcium‐binding protein genes in a reactive oxygen and nitrogen species‐induced in vitro cell model of stres...
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Wiley
2024-06-01
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| Series: | Neuroprotection |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/nep3.35 |
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| author | Aravind Parthasarathy Ramesha Hanumanthappa Sarojini R. Bulbule Kiran P.C. Hemalatha Nanjaiah Gopinath G. Siddaiah B.M. David Muniswamy Devaraju Kuramkote Shivanna |
| author_facet | Aravind Parthasarathy Ramesha Hanumanthappa Sarojini R. Bulbule Kiran P.C. Hemalatha Nanjaiah Gopinath G. Siddaiah B.M. David Muniswamy Devaraju Kuramkote Shivanna |
| author_sort | Aravind Parthasarathy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Backgrounds Oxidative stress impairs the function of calcium‐binding proteins and deregulates calcium signaling in living organisms. We have previously explored the overexpression of calcium‐binding protein genes in a reactive oxygen and nitrogen species‐induced in vitro cell model of stress that leads to apoptosis. However, in in vivo models, low levels of stress leads to depressive‐like behavior. Here, we aimed to analyze gene expression of major calcium‐binding proteins (calcineurin, calmodulin, calsyntenin, synaptotagmin, and calreticulin) and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor subunits (glutamate receptor ionotropic [GluN] GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B) in the hippocampus of stress‐induced rats. Methods Six‐week‐old male Wistar rats were assigned to two stress induction groups and a control group without stress (n = 6). Stress was induced by using H2O2 (3% in water) or by immobilization (using a sticky mat) over a period of 30 days. Expression of calcium‐binding protein genes in the hippocampus, antioxidant assays, structural alterations in hippocampal neurons, and depressive‐like behavior were determined. Results Expression of genes encoding calcium‐binding proteins calcineurin, calsyntenin, synaptotagmin and NMDA receptor subunit GluN1 was enhanced in both chemical and physical stress‐induced rats compared with control rats (4.25 ± 0.05 vs. 1.03 ± 0.02, p < 0.05, 2.05 ± 0.08 vs. 1.03 ± 0.02, p < 0.005; 2.2 ± 0.4 vs. 1.02 ± 0.03, p < 0.05, 1.98 ± 0.07 vs. 1.02 ± 0.03, p < 0.005; 1.4 ± 0.6 vs. 1.15 ± 0.09, p < 0.05, 1.39 ± 0.05 vs. 1.15 ± 0.09, p < 0.005), respectively. In stress‐induced rats, neurons in the CA2 region of the hippocampus were fewer and appeared disorganized compared with control rats. Furthermore, stress‐induced rats showed decreased mobility and lower sucrose preference in behavioral studies compared with control rats. Conclusion Lower levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can also lead to stress in rats by affecting their calcium signaling, buffering capacity in the neurons leading to depressive symptoms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4fa4190b1db3423fa5fe35a7f7506e45 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2770-7296 2770-730X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-4fa4190b1db3423fa5fe35a7f7506e452025-08-20T03:13:11ZengWileyNeuroprotection2770-72962770-730X2024-06-012216717810.1002/nep3.35Stress enhances expression of calcium‐binding proteins and NMDAR subunit genes in the rat hippocampusAravind Parthasarathy0Ramesha Hanumanthappa1Sarojini R. Bulbule2Kiran P.C.3Hemalatha Nanjaiah4Gopinath G.5Siddaiah B.M.6David Muniswamy7Devaraju Kuramkote Shivanna8Neurochemistry Lab, Department of Biochemistry Karnatak University Dharwad IndiaNeurochemistry Lab, Department of Biochemistry Karnatak University Dharwad IndiaNeurochemistry Lab, Department of Biochemistry Karnatak University Dharwad IndiaNeurochemistry Lab, Department of Biochemistry Karnatak University Dharwad IndiaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USANeurochemistry Lab, Department of Biochemistry Karnatak University Dharwad IndiaNeurochemistry Lab, Department of Biochemistry Karnatak University Dharwad IndiaDepartment of Zoology Karnatak University Dharwad IndiaNeurochemistry Lab, Department of Biochemistry Karnatak University Dharwad IndiaAbstract Backgrounds Oxidative stress impairs the function of calcium‐binding proteins and deregulates calcium signaling in living organisms. We have previously explored the overexpression of calcium‐binding protein genes in a reactive oxygen and nitrogen species‐induced in vitro cell model of stress that leads to apoptosis. However, in in vivo models, low levels of stress leads to depressive‐like behavior. Here, we aimed to analyze gene expression of major calcium‐binding proteins (calcineurin, calmodulin, calsyntenin, synaptotagmin, and calreticulin) and N‐methyl‐d‐aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor subunits (glutamate receptor ionotropic [GluN] GluN1, GluN2A, and GluN2B) in the hippocampus of stress‐induced rats. Methods Six‐week‐old male Wistar rats were assigned to two stress induction groups and a control group without stress (n = 6). Stress was induced by using H2O2 (3% in water) or by immobilization (using a sticky mat) over a period of 30 days. Expression of calcium‐binding protein genes in the hippocampus, antioxidant assays, structural alterations in hippocampal neurons, and depressive‐like behavior were determined. Results Expression of genes encoding calcium‐binding proteins calcineurin, calsyntenin, synaptotagmin and NMDA receptor subunit GluN1 was enhanced in both chemical and physical stress‐induced rats compared with control rats (4.25 ± 0.05 vs. 1.03 ± 0.02, p < 0.05, 2.05 ± 0.08 vs. 1.03 ± 0.02, p < 0.005; 2.2 ± 0.4 vs. 1.02 ± 0.03, p < 0.05, 1.98 ± 0.07 vs. 1.02 ± 0.03, p < 0.005; 1.4 ± 0.6 vs. 1.15 ± 0.09, p < 0.05, 1.39 ± 0.05 vs. 1.15 ± 0.09, p < 0.005), respectively. In stress‐induced rats, neurons in the CA2 region of the hippocampus were fewer and appeared disorganized compared with control rats. Furthermore, stress‐induced rats showed decreased mobility and lower sucrose preference in behavioral studies compared with control rats. Conclusion Lower levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can also lead to stress in rats by affecting their calcium signaling, buffering capacity in the neurons leading to depressive symptoms.https://doi.org/10.1002/nep3.35calcineurinH2O2hippocampusimmobilizationNMDA receptors |
| spellingShingle | Aravind Parthasarathy Ramesha Hanumanthappa Sarojini R. Bulbule Kiran P.C. Hemalatha Nanjaiah Gopinath G. Siddaiah B.M. David Muniswamy Devaraju Kuramkote Shivanna Stress enhances expression of calcium‐binding proteins and NMDAR subunit genes in the rat hippocampus Neuroprotection calcineurin H2O2 hippocampus immobilization NMDA receptors |
| title | Stress enhances expression of calcium‐binding proteins and NMDAR subunit genes in the rat hippocampus |
| title_full | Stress enhances expression of calcium‐binding proteins and NMDAR subunit genes in the rat hippocampus |
| title_fullStr | Stress enhances expression of calcium‐binding proteins and NMDAR subunit genes in the rat hippocampus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stress enhances expression of calcium‐binding proteins and NMDAR subunit genes in the rat hippocampus |
| title_short | Stress enhances expression of calcium‐binding proteins and NMDAR subunit genes in the rat hippocampus |
| title_sort | stress enhances expression of calcium binding proteins and nmdar subunit genes in the rat hippocampus |
| topic | calcineurin H2O2 hippocampus immobilization NMDA receptors |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/nep3.35 |
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