Development and engineering application validation of alkali-activated full-component shield tunnel spoil regenerated solid-waste grouting material

To address the issues of high disposal costs and low resource recovery efficiency of shield tunnel spoil (STS), this study proposes an Alkali-Activated Full-Component Shield Tunnel Spoil Regenerated Solid-Waste Grouting Material (AFS-RSWGM). Cement, fly ash, shield-sieved sand, and soil were used as...

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Main Authors: Zhiran Yang, Yu Zhou, Li Wang, Shizhuo Zou, Jinfei Chai, Yufei Fang, Shichao Jiang, Hui Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425019222
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author Zhiran Yang
Yu Zhou
Li Wang
Shizhuo Zou
Jinfei Chai
Yufei Fang
Shichao Jiang
Hui Ma
author_facet Zhiran Yang
Yu Zhou
Li Wang
Shizhuo Zou
Jinfei Chai
Yufei Fang
Shichao Jiang
Hui Ma
author_sort Zhiran Yang
collection DOAJ
description To address the issues of high disposal costs and low resource recovery efficiency of shield tunnel spoil (STS), this study proposes an Alkali-Activated Full-Component Shield Tunnel Spoil Regenerated Solid-Waste Grouting Material (AFS-RSWGM). Cement, fly ash, shield-sieved sand, and soil were used as raw materials, combined with synergistic alkali activation and the pozzolanic effect of fly ash. Key parameters, including water-binder ratio (A), binder-sand ratio (B), and shield tunnel spoil soil (STSS)-water ratio (C), were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Rheological and mechanical tests assessed construction adaptability and structural stability, while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and hydration heat analyses clarified alkali activation mechanisms. Alkali activation enhanced silico-aluminate dissolution in STSS, forming amorphous gels and ettringite (AFt). The fly ash pozzolanic effect released reactive SiO2 and Al2O3 continuously, refining the interfacial transition zone and reducing porosity. Optimal mix ratios (A = 1.091, B = 0.819, C = 0.197) significantly improved compressive strength over conventional cement systems. Rheological analyses revealed reduced yield stress and enhanced shear-thinning behavior. Hydration heat demonstrated bimodal exothermic characteristics, confirming effective aluminosilicate activation and polymerization. Applied in Jinan Metro Line 4, AFS-RSWGM fully reutilized STS, achieving better ground settlement control without segment leakage. This low-cement-content approach combined with solid waste recycling technology provides a practical solution for green construction, carbon reduction, and resource recycling in underground engineering.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2238-7854
language English
publishDate 2025-09-01
publisher Elsevier
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spelling doaj-art-4f862e88eee4453db0acc7b470391ea72025-08-20T03:42:10ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-09-013895297410.1016/j.jmrt.2025.07.263Development and engineering application validation of alkali-activated full-component shield tunnel spoil regenerated solid-waste grouting materialZhiran Yang0Yu Zhou1Li Wang2Shizhuo Zou3Jinfei Chai4Yufei Fang5Shichao Jiang6Hui Ma7Key Laboratory of Ministry for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Corresponding author. Department of Resource Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing 30 Xue Yuan Lu (College Road), Beijing, 100083, China.General Institute of Hydropower Planning and Design Co., Lid., Beijing, 100120, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, ChinaRailway Engineering Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing, 100081, ChinaRailway Engineering Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing, 100081, ChinaChina Railway 16th Bureau Group Co. Ltd., Beijing, 100020, ChinaKey Laboratory of Ministry for Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, ChinaTo address the issues of high disposal costs and low resource recovery efficiency of shield tunnel spoil (STS), this study proposes an Alkali-Activated Full-Component Shield Tunnel Spoil Regenerated Solid-Waste Grouting Material (AFS-RSWGM). Cement, fly ash, shield-sieved sand, and soil were used as raw materials, combined with synergistic alkali activation and the pozzolanic effect of fly ash. Key parameters, including water-binder ratio (A), binder-sand ratio (B), and shield tunnel spoil soil (STSS)-water ratio (C), were optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Rheological and mechanical tests assessed construction adaptability and structural stability, while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and hydration heat analyses clarified alkali activation mechanisms. Alkali activation enhanced silico-aluminate dissolution in STSS, forming amorphous gels and ettringite (AFt). The fly ash pozzolanic effect released reactive SiO2 and Al2O3 continuously, refining the interfacial transition zone and reducing porosity. Optimal mix ratios (A = 1.091, B = 0.819, C = 0.197) significantly improved compressive strength over conventional cement systems. Rheological analyses revealed reduced yield stress and enhanced shear-thinning behavior. Hydration heat demonstrated bimodal exothermic characteristics, confirming effective aluminosilicate activation and polymerization. Applied in Jinan Metro Line 4, AFS-RSWGM fully reutilized STS, achieving better ground settlement control without segment leakage. This low-cement-content approach combined with solid waste recycling technology provides a practical solution for green construction, carbon reduction, and resource recycling in underground engineering.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425019222Full-component utilization of shield tunnel spoilRegenerated solid-waste grouting materialResponse surface methodology (RSM)Alkali activationEngineering application
spellingShingle Zhiran Yang
Yu Zhou
Li Wang
Shizhuo Zou
Jinfei Chai
Yufei Fang
Shichao Jiang
Hui Ma
Development and engineering application validation of alkali-activated full-component shield tunnel spoil regenerated solid-waste grouting material
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Full-component utilization of shield tunnel spoil
Regenerated solid-waste grouting material
Response surface methodology (RSM)
Alkali activation
Engineering application
title Development and engineering application validation of alkali-activated full-component shield tunnel spoil regenerated solid-waste grouting material
title_full Development and engineering application validation of alkali-activated full-component shield tunnel spoil regenerated solid-waste grouting material
title_fullStr Development and engineering application validation of alkali-activated full-component shield tunnel spoil regenerated solid-waste grouting material
title_full_unstemmed Development and engineering application validation of alkali-activated full-component shield tunnel spoil regenerated solid-waste grouting material
title_short Development and engineering application validation of alkali-activated full-component shield tunnel spoil regenerated solid-waste grouting material
title_sort development and engineering application validation of alkali activated full component shield tunnel spoil regenerated solid waste grouting material
topic Full-component utilization of shield tunnel spoil
Regenerated solid-waste grouting material
Response surface methodology (RSM)
Alkali activation
Engineering application
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425019222
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