The Relationship between the Sectoral Structure of Female Employment and Economic Growth and Income Distribution in Türkiye: Empirical Evidence from Fourier-Based Cointegration and Causality Analyses
Female employment is essential for sustaining economic growth and improving income distribution. This study examines the impact of feminization trends in employment on economic growth and income distribution from a sectoral perspective. Using data from the Turkish economy (1991–2023), the study empl...
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Ekonomi ve Finansal Araştırmalar Derneği
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Ekonomi, Politika & Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi |
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| Online Access: | https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4658903 |
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| author | Mustafa Karakuş Aslı Özen Atabey |
| author_facet | Mustafa Karakuş Aslı Özen Atabey |
| author_sort | Mustafa Karakuş |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Female employment is essential for sustaining economic growth and improving income distribution. This study examines the impact of feminization trends in employment on economic growth and income distribution from a sectoral perspective. Using data from the Turkish economy (1991–2023), the study employs FADL and RALS-FADL cointegration tests to analyze long-term relationships and the Fourier Toda-Yamamoto test to assess causality. The findings indicate significant long-run relationships between women's employment in total, services, industry, and agriculture with economic growth and income distribution. While increased female employment in all sectors improves income distribution, agricultural employment negatively impacts economic growth, and the effect of total female employment on growth remains limited. The causality analysis findings reveal that income distribution is a determining factor for female employment in the service sector and total female employment, while female employment in the industrial sector is effective on income distribution. There is also evidence that economic growth affects women's employment in the agricultural sector. These findings reveal that the effects of policies towards women's employment on economic growth and income distribution differ at the sectoral level and emphasise the need for policymakers to develop targeted strategies on a sectoral basis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4f7f313f42334b28a99d18b69435977d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2587-151X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Ekonomi ve Finansal Araştırmalar Derneği |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ekonomi, Politika & Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi |
| spelling | doaj-art-4f7f313f42334b28a99d18b69435977d2025-08-20T03:30:40ZengEkonomi ve Finansal Araştırmalar DerneğiEkonomi, Politika & Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi2587-151X2025-06-0110267770810.30784/epfad.1650858957The Relationship between the Sectoral Structure of Female Employment and Economic Growth and Income Distribution in Türkiye: Empirical Evidence from Fourier-Based Cointegration and Causality AnalysesMustafa Karakuş0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7207-6686Aslı Özen Atabey1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6122-1101ANKARA HACI BAYRAM VELI UNIVERSITYKahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Meslek YüksekokuluFemale employment is essential for sustaining economic growth and improving income distribution. This study examines the impact of feminization trends in employment on economic growth and income distribution from a sectoral perspective. Using data from the Turkish economy (1991–2023), the study employs FADL and RALS-FADL cointegration tests to analyze long-term relationships and the Fourier Toda-Yamamoto test to assess causality. The findings indicate significant long-run relationships between women's employment in total, services, industry, and agriculture with economic growth and income distribution. While increased female employment in all sectors improves income distribution, agricultural employment negatively impacts economic growth, and the effect of total female employment on growth remains limited. The causality analysis findings reveal that income distribution is a determining factor for female employment in the service sector and total female employment, while female employment in the industrial sector is effective on income distribution. There is also evidence that economic growth affects women's employment in the agricultural sector. These findings reveal that the effects of policies towards women's employment on economic growth and income distribution differ at the sectoral level and emphasise the need for policymakers to develop targeted strategies on a sectoral basis.https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4658903feminisation in employmenteconomic growthincome distributionwomen's employment,kadın i̇stihdamıi̇stihdamda feminizasyonekonomik büyüme,gelir dağılımı |
| spellingShingle | Mustafa Karakuş Aslı Özen Atabey The Relationship between the Sectoral Structure of Female Employment and Economic Growth and Income Distribution in Türkiye: Empirical Evidence from Fourier-Based Cointegration and Causality Analyses Ekonomi, Politika & Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi feminisation in employment economic growth income distribution women's employment, kadın i̇stihdamı i̇stihdamda feminizasyon ekonomik büyüme, gelir dağılımı |
| title | The Relationship between the Sectoral Structure of Female Employment and Economic Growth and Income Distribution in Türkiye: Empirical Evidence from Fourier-Based Cointegration and Causality Analyses |
| title_full | The Relationship between the Sectoral Structure of Female Employment and Economic Growth and Income Distribution in Türkiye: Empirical Evidence from Fourier-Based Cointegration and Causality Analyses |
| title_fullStr | The Relationship between the Sectoral Structure of Female Employment and Economic Growth and Income Distribution in Türkiye: Empirical Evidence from Fourier-Based Cointegration and Causality Analyses |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Relationship between the Sectoral Structure of Female Employment and Economic Growth and Income Distribution in Türkiye: Empirical Evidence from Fourier-Based Cointegration and Causality Analyses |
| title_short | The Relationship between the Sectoral Structure of Female Employment and Economic Growth and Income Distribution in Türkiye: Empirical Evidence from Fourier-Based Cointegration and Causality Analyses |
| title_sort | relationship between the sectoral structure of female employment and economic growth and income distribution in turkiye empirical evidence from fourier based cointegration and causality analyses |
| topic | feminisation in employment economic growth income distribution women's employment, kadın i̇stihdamı i̇stihdamda feminizasyon ekonomik büyüme, gelir dağılımı |
| url | https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4658903 |
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