Quantum dot molecular beacons achieve sub-10 pM CRISPR-Cas detection in field-ready assays

Abstract CRISPR-Cas systems have revolutionized molecular diagnostics through their specificity and programmability, yet their broad adoption is hindered by the reliance on expensive and complex instrumentation. Here, we present an optimized quantum dot (QD) molecular beacon (QD-MB) platform that in...

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Main Authors: Drew P. Lysne, Michael H. Stewart, Kimihiro Susumu, Tomasz A. Leski, David A. Stenger, Igor L. Medintz, Sebastián A. Díaz, Christopher M. Green
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09434-9
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author Drew P. Lysne
Michael H. Stewart
Kimihiro Susumu
Tomasz A. Leski
David A. Stenger
Igor L. Medintz
Sebastián A. Díaz
Christopher M. Green
author_facet Drew P. Lysne
Michael H. Stewart
Kimihiro Susumu
Tomasz A. Leski
David A. Stenger
Igor L. Medintz
Sebastián A. Díaz
Christopher M. Green
author_sort Drew P. Lysne
collection DOAJ
description Abstract CRISPR-Cas systems have revolutionized molecular diagnostics through their specificity and programmability, yet their broad adoption is hindered by the reliance on expensive and complex instrumentation. Here, we present an optimized quantum dot (QD) molecular beacon (QD-MB) platform that integrates Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based detection with CRISPR-Cas functionality, achieving sub-picomolar sensitivity without the need for target amplification. By systematically tuning components, including His-tag modifications for improved QD conjugation, nucleic acid hairpin structures for enhanced enzyme interaction, and QD surface passivation strategies, we demonstrate a two-order-of-magnitude improvement in detection sensitivity. Using LwaCas13a and RNA targets, the limit of detection (LOD) decreased to under 1 pM with plate-reader-based fluorescence measurements and below 10 pM with a lamp-and-smartphone setup, establishing the feasibility of portable, field-ready applications. This work highlights the transformative potential of QD-MBs in biosensing and sets a foundation for further advances in CRISPR-based diagnostics and nanotechnology-enabled sensing platforms.
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spelling doaj-art-4f7a1ce476934be2b85fcf1edad7dfcf2025-08-20T03:05:18ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-09434-9Quantum dot molecular beacons achieve sub-10 pM CRISPR-Cas detection in field-ready assaysDrew P. Lysne0Michael H. Stewart1Kimihiro Susumu2Tomasz A. Leski3David A. Stenger4Igor L. Medintz5Sebastián A. Díaz6Christopher M. Green7National Research CouncilU.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Optical Sciences DivisionU.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Optical Sciences DivisionU.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science and EngineeringU.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science and EngineeringU.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science and EngineeringU.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science and EngineeringU.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Bio/Molecular Science and EngineeringAbstract CRISPR-Cas systems have revolutionized molecular diagnostics through their specificity and programmability, yet their broad adoption is hindered by the reliance on expensive and complex instrumentation. Here, we present an optimized quantum dot (QD) molecular beacon (QD-MB) platform that integrates Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based detection with CRISPR-Cas functionality, achieving sub-picomolar sensitivity without the need for target amplification. By systematically tuning components, including His-tag modifications for improved QD conjugation, nucleic acid hairpin structures for enhanced enzyme interaction, and QD surface passivation strategies, we demonstrate a two-order-of-magnitude improvement in detection sensitivity. Using LwaCas13a and RNA targets, the limit of detection (LOD) decreased to under 1 pM with plate-reader-based fluorescence measurements and below 10 pM with a lamp-and-smartphone setup, establishing the feasibility of portable, field-ready applications. This work highlights the transformative potential of QD-MBs in biosensing and sets a foundation for further advances in CRISPR-based diagnostics and nanotechnology-enabled sensing platforms.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09434-9CRISPR/CasMolecular beaconsQuantum dotsFörster resonance energy transferCell-phone detection
spellingShingle Drew P. Lysne
Michael H. Stewart
Kimihiro Susumu
Tomasz A. Leski
David A. Stenger
Igor L. Medintz
Sebastián A. Díaz
Christopher M. Green
Quantum dot molecular beacons achieve sub-10 pM CRISPR-Cas detection in field-ready assays
Scientific Reports
CRISPR/Cas
Molecular beacons
Quantum dots
Förster resonance energy transfer
Cell-phone detection
title Quantum dot molecular beacons achieve sub-10 pM CRISPR-Cas detection in field-ready assays
title_full Quantum dot molecular beacons achieve sub-10 pM CRISPR-Cas detection in field-ready assays
title_fullStr Quantum dot molecular beacons achieve sub-10 pM CRISPR-Cas detection in field-ready assays
title_full_unstemmed Quantum dot molecular beacons achieve sub-10 pM CRISPR-Cas detection in field-ready assays
title_short Quantum dot molecular beacons achieve sub-10 pM CRISPR-Cas detection in field-ready assays
title_sort quantum dot molecular beacons achieve sub 10 pm crispr cas detection in field ready assays
topic CRISPR/Cas
Molecular beacons
Quantum dots
Förster resonance energy transfer
Cell-phone detection
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09434-9
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