Oxidative Stress in People Living With HIV: Are Diverse Supplement Sources the Solution?

ABSTRACT Background and Aim Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS to a manageable chronic condition even though no cure exists. Despite ART control, latent HIV infection results in failed memory CD4 T‐cell responses, immune overactivation, inflammation, oxi...

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Main Authors: Esimebia Adjovi Amegashie, Ruth Oyawole Sikeola, Emmanuel Ayitey Tagoe, Elijah Paintsil, Kwasi Torpey, Osbourne Quaye
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-05-01
Series:Health Science Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70824
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author Esimebia Adjovi Amegashie
Ruth Oyawole Sikeola
Emmanuel Ayitey Tagoe
Elijah Paintsil
Kwasi Torpey
Osbourne Quaye
author_facet Esimebia Adjovi Amegashie
Ruth Oyawole Sikeola
Emmanuel Ayitey Tagoe
Elijah Paintsil
Kwasi Torpey
Osbourne Quaye
author_sort Esimebia Adjovi Amegashie
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background and Aim Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS to a manageable chronic condition even though no cure exists. Despite ART control, latent HIV infection results in failed memory CD4 T‐cell responses, immune overactivation, inflammation, oxidative stress, genomic instability, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, and premature CD4 T‐cell ageing. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species during oxidative stress can cause mitochondrial DNA damage, cancer, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, and premature aging in people living with HIV (PLWH). This review outlines current knowledge in oxidative stress among PLWH. Methods Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct were searched for literature conforming with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines from studies published from January 2013 to December 2023. A total of 75 studies from 22 countries were identified, with 52 studies carried out in human participants, 17 studies in cell lines, and 6 studies in animal models to assess oxidative stress levels. Results An increased oxidative stress with no changes in antioxidant levels was reported in HIV‐positive smokers, and those on substance abuse. Long‐term ART usage showed high levels of oxidative protein products and low levels of antioxidants when compared to short‐term ART usage. The use of supplements such as N‐acetylcysteine, selenium, and silibinin in animal models and cell lines showed increased cell viability, reduced reactive oxygen species, and increased antioxidant levels, which are promising therapeutic interventions that should be studied in PLWH to further help improve their disease outcomes. Conclusions Identifying extracts from natural and synthetic products with antioxidant effects will improve the general well‐being of PLWH.
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spelling doaj-art-4f6ad728531b410abae4ebce5c56dbef2025-08-20T03:41:00ZengWileyHealth Science Reports2398-88352025-05-0185n/an/a10.1002/hsr2.70824Oxidative Stress in People Living With HIV: Are Diverse Supplement Sources the Solution?Esimebia Adjovi Amegashie0Ruth Oyawole Sikeola1Emmanuel Ayitey Tagoe2Elijah Paintsil3Kwasi Torpey4Osbourne Quaye5West African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology University of Ghana Accra Greater Accra Region GhanaWest African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology University of Ghana Accra Greater Accra Region GhanaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana Accra Greater Accra Region GhanaDepartment of Pediatrics Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine Boston USADepartment of Population, Family and Reproductive Health School of Public Health, University of Ghana Accra Greater Accra Region GhanaWest African Center for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology University of Ghana Accra Greater Accra Region GhanaABSTRACT Background and Aim Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS to a manageable chronic condition even though no cure exists. Despite ART control, latent HIV infection results in failed memory CD4 T‐cell responses, immune overactivation, inflammation, oxidative stress, genomic instability, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage, and premature CD4 T‐cell ageing. Overproduction of reactive oxygen species during oxidative stress can cause mitochondrial DNA damage, cancer, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, and premature aging in people living with HIV (PLWH). This review outlines current knowledge in oxidative stress among PLWH. Methods Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct were searched for literature conforming with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines from studies published from January 2013 to December 2023. A total of 75 studies from 22 countries were identified, with 52 studies carried out in human participants, 17 studies in cell lines, and 6 studies in animal models to assess oxidative stress levels. Results An increased oxidative stress with no changes in antioxidant levels was reported in HIV‐positive smokers, and those on substance abuse. Long‐term ART usage showed high levels of oxidative protein products and low levels of antioxidants when compared to short‐term ART usage. The use of supplements such as N‐acetylcysteine, selenium, and silibinin in animal models and cell lines showed increased cell viability, reduced reactive oxygen species, and increased antioxidant levels, which are promising therapeutic interventions that should be studied in PLWH to further help improve their disease outcomes. Conclusions Identifying extracts from natural and synthetic products with antioxidant effects will improve the general well‐being of PLWH.https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70824antioxidantsHIVHIV supplementsoxidative stressPLWH
spellingShingle Esimebia Adjovi Amegashie
Ruth Oyawole Sikeola
Emmanuel Ayitey Tagoe
Elijah Paintsil
Kwasi Torpey
Osbourne Quaye
Oxidative Stress in People Living With HIV: Are Diverse Supplement Sources the Solution?
Health Science Reports
antioxidants
HIV
HIV supplements
oxidative stress
PLWH
title Oxidative Stress in People Living With HIV: Are Diverse Supplement Sources the Solution?
title_full Oxidative Stress in People Living With HIV: Are Diverse Supplement Sources the Solution?
title_fullStr Oxidative Stress in People Living With HIV: Are Diverse Supplement Sources the Solution?
title_full_unstemmed Oxidative Stress in People Living With HIV: Are Diverse Supplement Sources the Solution?
title_short Oxidative Stress in People Living With HIV: Are Diverse Supplement Sources the Solution?
title_sort oxidative stress in people living with hiv are diverse supplement sources the solution
topic antioxidants
HIV
HIV supplements
oxidative stress
PLWH
url https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70824
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