Polypoid Cystitis: A Retrospective Case‐Series of 112 Dogs

ABSTRACT Background Polypoid cystitis (PoC) in dogs is associated with chronic inflammatory bladder conditions and is discovered during evaluation for signs of lower urinary tract disease, or incidentally. Objective To describe PoC in dogs evaluated in an academic practice. Animals Dogs with confirm...

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Main Authors: Matthew P. Price, Rachael Thomas, Mathew Breen, Allison R. Kendall, Shelly L. Vaden
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70049
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author Matthew P. Price
Rachael Thomas
Mathew Breen
Allison R. Kendall
Shelly L. Vaden
author_facet Matthew P. Price
Rachael Thomas
Mathew Breen
Allison R. Kendall
Shelly L. Vaden
author_sort Matthew P. Price
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Background Polypoid cystitis (PoC) in dogs is associated with chronic inflammatory bladder conditions and is discovered during evaluation for signs of lower urinary tract disease, or incidentally. Objective To describe PoC in dogs evaluated in an academic practice. Animals Dogs with confirmed (n = 59) or presumptive (n = 53) PoC were evaluated between January 2004 and October 2020. Methods For this retrospective study, medical records were searched for PoC. Results The most common presenting signs of 112 dogs with PoC were hematuria (n = 42; 38%), stranguria (n = 28; 25%), and pollakiuria (n = 25; 22%). Polyps were found incidentally (n = 13; 12%). Urinary tract infection (UTI; n = 61; 54%) or urolithiasis (n = 38; 34%) was a common presumptive cause. Escherichia coli (n = 39; 53%), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 14; 19%) and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (n = 5; 7%) were isolated from dogs with UTI. Ultrasonographic findings (n = 101) included polypoid structures (n = 44; 44%), broad‐based masses (n = 16; 26%), and bladder wall thickening (n = 25; 25%); mostly in the cranioventral bladder apex (n = 56; 80%). Of 41 specimens tested, none had evidence of the BRAF V595E mutation. Urinary tract neoplasia was not reported in any dog during follow‐up (range 1 month–8.4 years; median 8 months). Interventions included antibiotic or anti‐inflammatory administration, and surgical or cystoscopic ablation. During follow‐up, recurrent signs of lower urinary tract disease were reported in 23 (20%) dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance History of either UTI or urolithiasis, compatible imaging findings, and absence of detectable BRAF V595E mutation support the presumptive diagnosis of PoC in dogs. Affected dogs have a good prognosis, warranting differentiation from other urinary tract diseases.
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spelling doaj-art-4f66d62da7574297aee0a6ebbfc9b8192025-08-20T03:09:11ZengWileyJournal of Veterinary Internal Medicine0891-66401939-16762025-05-01393n/an/a10.1111/jvim.70049Polypoid Cystitis: A Retrospective Case‐Series of 112 DogsMatthew P. Price0Rachael Thomas1Mathew Breen2Allison R. Kendall3Shelly L. Vaden4Department of Clinical Sciences North Carolina State University, North Carolina State Veterinary Hospital Raleigh North Carolina USADepartment of Molecular Biomedical Sciences North Carolina State University at Raleigh Raleigh North Carolina USADepartment of Molecular Biomedical Sciences North Carolina State University at Raleigh Raleigh North Carolina USANorth Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina USADepartment of Clinical Sciences North Carolina State University, North Carolina State Veterinary Hospital Raleigh North Carolina USAABSTRACT Background Polypoid cystitis (PoC) in dogs is associated with chronic inflammatory bladder conditions and is discovered during evaluation for signs of lower urinary tract disease, or incidentally. Objective To describe PoC in dogs evaluated in an academic practice. Animals Dogs with confirmed (n = 59) or presumptive (n = 53) PoC were evaluated between January 2004 and October 2020. Methods For this retrospective study, medical records were searched for PoC. Results The most common presenting signs of 112 dogs with PoC were hematuria (n = 42; 38%), stranguria (n = 28; 25%), and pollakiuria (n = 25; 22%). Polyps were found incidentally (n = 13; 12%). Urinary tract infection (UTI; n = 61; 54%) or urolithiasis (n = 38; 34%) was a common presumptive cause. Escherichia coli (n = 39; 53%), Enterococcus faecalis (n = 14; 19%) and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (n = 5; 7%) were isolated from dogs with UTI. Ultrasonographic findings (n = 101) included polypoid structures (n = 44; 44%), broad‐based masses (n = 16; 26%), and bladder wall thickening (n = 25; 25%); mostly in the cranioventral bladder apex (n = 56; 80%). Of 41 specimens tested, none had evidence of the BRAF V595E mutation. Urinary tract neoplasia was not reported in any dog during follow‐up (range 1 month–8.4 years; median 8 months). Interventions included antibiotic or anti‐inflammatory administration, and surgical or cystoscopic ablation. During follow‐up, recurrent signs of lower urinary tract disease were reported in 23 (20%) dogs. Conclusions and Clinical Importance History of either UTI or urolithiasis, compatible imaging findings, and absence of detectable BRAF V595E mutation support the presumptive diagnosis of PoC in dogs. Affected dogs have a good prognosis, warranting differentiation from other urinary tract diseases.https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70049bladderBRAF V595E mutationinflammatorypolypurinary tract
spellingShingle Matthew P. Price
Rachael Thomas
Mathew Breen
Allison R. Kendall
Shelly L. Vaden
Polypoid Cystitis: A Retrospective Case‐Series of 112 Dogs
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
bladder
BRAF V595E mutation
inflammatory
polyp
urinary tract
title Polypoid Cystitis: A Retrospective Case‐Series of 112 Dogs
title_full Polypoid Cystitis: A Retrospective Case‐Series of 112 Dogs
title_fullStr Polypoid Cystitis: A Retrospective Case‐Series of 112 Dogs
title_full_unstemmed Polypoid Cystitis: A Retrospective Case‐Series of 112 Dogs
title_short Polypoid Cystitis: A Retrospective Case‐Series of 112 Dogs
title_sort polypoid cystitis a retrospective case series of 112 dogs
topic bladder
BRAF V595E mutation
inflammatory
polyp
urinary tract
url https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.70049
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AT allisonrkendall polypoidcystitisaretrospectivecaseseriesof112dogs
AT shellylvaden polypoidcystitisaretrospectivecaseseriesof112dogs