Rheological Properties of Diesel-Based Fuels with Tyre Pyrolysis Oil as Admixture

The aim of the article is to present the impact of blending diesel fuel with tire pyrolysis (TPO) oil on the changes in the fuel’s rheological properties and to evaluate these changes in the context of meeting legal requirements for various types of fuels. This research presents the impact of normat...

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Main Authors: Leszek Chybowski, Marcin Szczepanek, Tomasz Pusty, Piotr Brożek, Robert Pełech
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/1993
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author Leszek Chybowski
Marcin Szczepanek
Tomasz Pusty
Piotr Brożek
Robert Pełech
author_facet Leszek Chybowski
Marcin Szczepanek
Tomasz Pusty
Piotr Brożek
Robert Pełech
author_sort Leszek Chybowski
collection DOAJ
description The aim of the article is to present the impact of blending diesel fuel with tire pyrolysis (TPO) oil on the changes in the fuel’s rheological properties and to evaluate these changes in the context of meeting legal requirements for various types of fuels. This research presents the impact of normative D100 diesel oil with TPO as an admixture on the rheological properties of the blends. Measurements are made for the content of TPO in the blend equal to 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20% m/m. In addition, the reference measurements are made for pure diesel oil and pure pyrolytic oil. Kinematic viscosity density, dynamic viscosity, viscosity index, pour point, cloud point, and cold filter plugging point are determined. The density of each sample is found at 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 °C. Viscosity is determined at the reference temperatures of 20, 40, and 100 °C, which are typically used as reference temperatures for petroleum products. Approximating models are built for all the analyzed parameters, which can be used in future studies. The fit of each model to empirical data is evaluated using the coefficient of determination <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>. At the same time, the individual values of the analyzed indicators are compared to the limit values specified in selected standards and regulations, thus allowing us to assess the usefulness of individual fuels in terms of compliance with effective and reliable engine operation requirements. The fuels under study fulfill the normative requirements for the parameters for marine distillate fuels for blends with a pyrolysis oil content of 0–20% m/m and the requirements for standard-grade diesel oils indicated in the Regulation of the Minister of Economy of Poland for blends with a pyrolysis oil content of 0–7% m/m.
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spelling doaj-art-4f594057041e45db8d984c8b2416debc2025-08-20T02:17:20ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-04-01188199310.3390/en18081993Rheological Properties of Diesel-Based Fuels with Tyre Pyrolysis Oil as AdmixtureLeszek Chybowski0Marcin Szczepanek1Tomasz Pusty2Piotr Brożek3Robert Pełech4Department of Marine Propulsion Plants, Faculty of Marine Engineering, Maritime University of Szczecin, ul. Willowa 2, 71-650 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Power Engineering, Faculty of Marine Engineering, Maritime University of Szczecin, ul. Willowa 2, 71-650 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Machine Construction and Materials, Faculty of Marine Engineering, Maritime University of Szczecin, ul. Willowa 2, 71-650 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Electrical Engineering and Power Electronics, Faculty of Mechatronics and Electrical Engineering, Maritime University of Szczecin, ul. Willowa 2, 71-650 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Organic Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, ul. Pułaskiego 10, 70-322 Szczecin, PolandThe aim of the article is to present the impact of blending diesel fuel with tire pyrolysis (TPO) oil on the changes in the fuel’s rheological properties and to evaluate these changes in the context of meeting legal requirements for various types of fuels. This research presents the impact of normative D100 diesel oil with TPO as an admixture on the rheological properties of the blends. Measurements are made for the content of TPO in the blend equal to 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20% m/m. In addition, the reference measurements are made for pure diesel oil and pure pyrolytic oil. Kinematic viscosity density, dynamic viscosity, viscosity index, pour point, cloud point, and cold filter plugging point are determined. The density of each sample is found at 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, and 100 °C. Viscosity is determined at the reference temperatures of 20, 40, and 100 °C, which are typically used as reference temperatures for petroleum products. Approximating models are built for all the analyzed parameters, which can be used in future studies. The fit of each model to empirical data is evaluated using the coefficient of determination <i>R</i><sup>2</sup>. At the same time, the individual values of the analyzed indicators are compared to the limit values specified in selected standards and regulations, thus allowing us to assess the usefulness of individual fuels in terms of compliance with effective and reliable engine operation requirements. The fuels under study fulfill the normative requirements for the parameters for marine distillate fuels for blends with a pyrolysis oil content of 0–20% m/m and the requirements for standard-grade diesel oils indicated in the Regulation of the Minister of Economy of Poland for blends with a pyrolysis oil content of 0–7% m/m.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/1993diesel oilrecycled tire oilpyrolytic oilfuel blendsrheological properties
spellingShingle Leszek Chybowski
Marcin Szczepanek
Tomasz Pusty
Piotr Brożek
Robert Pełech
Rheological Properties of Diesel-Based Fuels with Tyre Pyrolysis Oil as Admixture
Energies
diesel oil
recycled tire oil
pyrolytic oil
fuel blends
rheological properties
title Rheological Properties of Diesel-Based Fuels with Tyre Pyrolysis Oil as Admixture
title_full Rheological Properties of Diesel-Based Fuels with Tyre Pyrolysis Oil as Admixture
title_fullStr Rheological Properties of Diesel-Based Fuels with Tyre Pyrolysis Oil as Admixture
title_full_unstemmed Rheological Properties of Diesel-Based Fuels with Tyre Pyrolysis Oil as Admixture
title_short Rheological Properties of Diesel-Based Fuels with Tyre Pyrolysis Oil as Admixture
title_sort rheological properties of diesel based fuels with tyre pyrolysis oil as admixture
topic diesel oil
recycled tire oil
pyrolytic oil
fuel blends
rheological properties
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/8/1993
work_keys_str_mv AT leszekchybowski rheologicalpropertiesofdieselbasedfuelswithtyrepyrolysisoilasadmixture
AT marcinszczepanek rheologicalpropertiesofdieselbasedfuelswithtyrepyrolysisoilasadmixture
AT tomaszpusty rheologicalpropertiesofdieselbasedfuelswithtyrepyrolysisoilasadmixture
AT piotrbrozek rheologicalpropertiesofdieselbasedfuelswithtyrepyrolysisoilasadmixture
AT robertpełech rheologicalpropertiesofdieselbasedfuelswithtyrepyrolysisoilasadmixture