OSMR induces M2 polarization of glioblastoma associated macrophages through JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway

IntroductionVerify whether Onconstatin M receptor (OSMR) plays a regulatory role in the growth of glioblastoma (GBM) and explore its specific regulatory mechanism.MethodsIn vitro investigations were carried out using OSMR knockdown and treatment with JAK agonist Butyzamide (JAKa). Evaluate cell prol...

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Main Authors: Changcheng Xiao, Liming Tan, Xiaofei Liu, Min Zhou, Ping Chen, Zhao Wang, Bing Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1538649/full
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author Changcheng Xiao
Liming Tan
Liming Tan
Xiaofei Liu
Min Zhou
Ping Chen
Zhao Wang
Bing Wang
author_facet Changcheng Xiao
Liming Tan
Liming Tan
Xiaofei Liu
Min Zhou
Ping Chen
Zhao Wang
Bing Wang
author_sort Changcheng Xiao
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionVerify whether Onconstatin M receptor (OSMR) plays a regulatory role in the growth of glioblastoma (GBM) and explore its specific regulatory mechanism.MethodsIn vitro investigations were carried out using OSMR knockdown and treatment with JAK agonist Butyzamide (JAKa). Evaluate cell proliferation rate through CCK-8; Colony formation experiment to detect cell proliferation; Transwell experiment evaluates cell invasion; Cell scratch assay to detect cell migration; WB detects the expression levels of pathway related proteins JAK, p-JAK, STAT3, p-STAT3, and CCL-2; Flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis rate, cell cycle arrest rate, and proportion of M2 macrophages; RT-qPCR was implemented to identify the expression of M2 polarization factors CD206, CD163 and IL-10 in macrophages. In the in vivo experiment, SF188 cells were subcutaneously injected into mice’s right sides and divided into two groups: those with knocked down OSMR or those without. The knocked down OSMR group was divided into subgroups treated with DMSO containing or not containing JAKa. Subsequently, the tumor volume and weight of the mice were measured. RT-qPCR was utilized to assess the level of M2 polarization-related components in tumor tissues, while flow cytometry was employed to determine the M2 polarization ratio of macrophages in tumor tissues.ResultsKnocking down OSMR dramatically reduces tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, accelerates cell death and cell cycle arrest, and lowers JAK and STAT3 phosphorylation as well as CCL-2 expression levels, all while decreasing the fraction of M2 macrophages. Furthermore, knocking down OSMR drastically lowered tumor development and M2 polarization levels of monocytes in tumor tissue. JAKa reversed the inhibitory effect of OSMR knockdown on GBM malignant development and macrophage M2 polarization in both in vitro and in vivo studies.ConclusionOSMR promotes the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, which promotes malignant glioblastoma growth and macrophages M2 polarization.
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spelling doaj-art-4f4984d19be043afa3308e5e57df6c222025-08-20T02:53:13ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2025-03-011510.3389/fonc.2025.15386491538649OSMR induces M2 polarization of glioblastoma associated macrophages through JAK/STAT3 signaling pathwayChangcheng Xiao0Liming Tan1Liming Tan2Xiaofei Liu3Min Zhou4Ping Chen5Zhao Wang6Bing Wang7Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, ChinaIntroductionVerify whether Onconstatin M receptor (OSMR) plays a regulatory role in the growth of glioblastoma (GBM) and explore its specific regulatory mechanism.MethodsIn vitro investigations were carried out using OSMR knockdown and treatment with JAK agonist Butyzamide (JAKa). Evaluate cell proliferation rate through CCK-8; Colony formation experiment to detect cell proliferation; Transwell experiment evaluates cell invasion; Cell scratch assay to detect cell migration; WB detects the expression levels of pathway related proteins JAK, p-JAK, STAT3, p-STAT3, and CCL-2; Flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis rate, cell cycle arrest rate, and proportion of M2 macrophages; RT-qPCR was implemented to identify the expression of M2 polarization factors CD206, CD163 and IL-10 in macrophages. In the in vivo experiment, SF188 cells were subcutaneously injected into mice’s right sides and divided into two groups: those with knocked down OSMR or those without. The knocked down OSMR group was divided into subgroups treated with DMSO containing or not containing JAKa. Subsequently, the tumor volume and weight of the mice were measured. RT-qPCR was utilized to assess the level of M2 polarization-related components in tumor tissues, while flow cytometry was employed to determine the M2 polarization ratio of macrophages in tumor tissues.ResultsKnocking down OSMR dramatically reduces tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, accelerates cell death and cell cycle arrest, and lowers JAK and STAT3 phosphorylation as well as CCL-2 expression levels, all while decreasing the fraction of M2 macrophages. Furthermore, knocking down OSMR drastically lowered tumor development and M2 polarization levels of monocytes in tumor tissue. JAKa reversed the inhibitory effect of OSMR knockdown on GBM malignant development and macrophage M2 polarization in both in vitro and in vivo studies.ConclusionOSMR promotes the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway, which promotes malignant glioblastoma growth and macrophages M2 polarization.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1538649/fullOSMRglioblastomaJAK/STAT3 signaling pathwaymacrophageM2 polarization
spellingShingle Changcheng Xiao
Liming Tan
Liming Tan
Xiaofei Liu
Min Zhou
Ping Chen
Zhao Wang
Bing Wang
OSMR induces M2 polarization of glioblastoma associated macrophages through JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway
Frontiers in Oncology
OSMR
glioblastoma
JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway
macrophage
M2 polarization
title OSMR induces M2 polarization of glioblastoma associated macrophages through JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway
title_full OSMR induces M2 polarization of glioblastoma associated macrophages through JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway
title_fullStr OSMR induces M2 polarization of glioblastoma associated macrophages through JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway
title_full_unstemmed OSMR induces M2 polarization of glioblastoma associated macrophages through JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway
title_short OSMR induces M2 polarization of glioblastoma associated macrophages through JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway
title_sort osmr induces m2 polarization of glioblastoma associated macrophages through jak stat3 signaling pathway
topic OSMR
glioblastoma
JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway
macrophage
M2 polarization
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1538649/full
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