The interaction between temperature and rainfall determines the probability of tropical forest fire occurrence in Hainan Island

Severe forest fires have erupted in numerous tropical regions globally, threatening carbon storage in tropical ecosystems, the survival of plant species, and human health. Consequently, developing more precise prediction models for tropical forest fire hazards is essential for establishing effective...

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Main Authors: Xiaohua Chen, Qingqing Yang, Zongzhu Chen, Jinrui Lei, Tingtian Wu, Yuanling Li, Xiaoyan Pan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1495699/full
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author Xiaohua Chen
Xiaohua Chen
Qingqing Yang
Qingqing Yang
Zongzhu Chen
Jinrui Lei
Tingtian Wu
Yuanling Li
Xiaoyan Pan
author_facet Xiaohua Chen
Xiaohua Chen
Qingqing Yang
Qingqing Yang
Zongzhu Chen
Jinrui Lei
Tingtian Wu
Yuanling Li
Xiaoyan Pan
author_sort Xiaohua Chen
collection DOAJ
description Severe forest fires have erupted in numerous tropical regions globally, threatening carbon storage in tropical ecosystems, the survival of plant species, and human health. Consequently, developing more precise prediction models for tropical forest fire hazards is essential for establishing effective fire prevention and management strategies. Although traditional logistic regression is widely employed for mapping forest fire probabilities, machine learning methods such as random forest have become more prevalent over the past decade. The applicability of random forest and logistic regression in predicting tropical forest fire probabilities has not been explored, leading to insufficient understanding of the driving factors of tropical forest fires on this tropical continental island with diverse forest types. This study integrated ground-based fire statistics from the Hainan Forestry Department and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire point data to create a highly accurate forest fire dataset for Hainan Island, spanning 20 years (2000–2020). Both logistic regression and random forest were used to develop tropical forest fire hazard models and explore the driving mechanisms of fires on Hainan Island. The results show that: (1) climatic factors contribute most significantly to the tropical forest fire probability, followed by human activities and topography, while vegetation factors (i.e., normalized difference vegetation index) made no significant contribution; (2) temperature and rainfall are the dominant factors influencing fire probability, with rising temperatures and decreasing rainfall substantially increasing the forest fire hazard; and (3) both logistic regression and random forest are reliable for predicting tropical forest fire hazards, but random forest demonstrates greater adaptability. In conclusion, our evidence suggests that the probability of tropical forest fires will increase under global warming and drought. The logistic regression and random forest models developed in this study provide valuable insights for identifying high-hazard forest fire areas in tropical regions. These findings have important implications for global tropical forest management and fire prevention, aiding in the formulation of targeted control strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-4f4675df2eee442cab826bdaf8e799582025-08-20T02:25:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Forests and Global Change2624-893X2025-05-01810.3389/ffgc.2025.14956991495699The interaction between temperature and rainfall determines the probability of tropical forest fire occurrence in Hainan IslandXiaohua Chen0Xiaohua Chen1Qingqing Yang2Qingqing Yang3Zongzhu Chen4Jinrui Lei5Tingtian Wu6Yuanling Li7Xiaoyan Pan8Hainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Forestry Resources Monitoring and Application of Hainan Province, Haikou, ChinaHainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Tropical Forestry Resources Monitoring and Application of Hainan Province, Haikou, ChinaHainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, ChinaHainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, ChinaHainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, ChinaHainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, ChinaHainan Academy of Forestry (Hainan Academy of Mangrove), Haikou, ChinaSevere forest fires have erupted in numerous tropical regions globally, threatening carbon storage in tropical ecosystems, the survival of plant species, and human health. Consequently, developing more precise prediction models for tropical forest fire hazards is essential for establishing effective fire prevention and management strategies. Although traditional logistic regression is widely employed for mapping forest fire probabilities, machine learning methods such as random forest have become more prevalent over the past decade. The applicability of random forest and logistic regression in predicting tropical forest fire probabilities has not been explored, leading to insufficient understanding of the driving factors of tropical forest fires on this tropical continental island with diverse forest types. This study integrated ground-based fire statistics from the Hainan Forestry Department and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire point data to create a highly accurate forest fire dataset for Hainan Island, spanning 20 years (2000–2020). Both logistic regression and random forest were used to develop tropical forest fire hazard models and explore the driving mechanisms of fires on Hainan Island. The results show that: (1) climatic factors contribute most significantly to the tropical forest fire probability, followed by human activities and topography, while vegetation factors (i.e., normalized difference vegetation index) made no significant contribution; (2) temperature and rainfall are the dominant factors influencing fire probability, with rising temperatures and decreasing rainfall substantially increasing the forest fire hazard; and (3) both logistic regression and random forest are reliable for predicting tropical forest fire hazards, but random forest demonstrates greater adaptability. In conclusion, our evidence suggests that the probability of tropical forest fires will increase under global warming and drought. The logistic regression and random forest models developed in this study provide valuable insights for identifying high-hazard forest fire areas in tropical regions. These findings have important implications for global tropical forest management and fire prevention, aiding in the formulation of targeted control strategies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1495699/fulltropical forest firesforest fire ecologyfire driversclimate change impactglobal warming
spellingShingle Xiaohua Chen
Xiaohua Chen
Qingqing Yang
Qingqing Yang
Zongzhu Chen
Jinrui Lei
Tingtian Wu
Yuanling Li
Xiaoyan Pan
The interaction between temperature and rainfall determines the probability of tropical forest fire occurrence in Hainan Island
Frontiers in Forests and Global Change
tropical forest fires
forest fire ecology
fire drivers
climate change impact
global warming
title The interaction between temperature and rainfall determines the probability of tropical forest fire occurrence in Hainan Island
title_full The interaction between temperature and rainfall determines the probability of tropical forest fire occurrence in Hainan Island
title_fullStr The interaction between temperature and rainfall determines the probability of tropical forest fire occurrence in Hainan Island
title_full_unstemmed The interaction between temperature and rainfall determines the probability of tropical forest fire occurrence in Hainan Island
title_short The interaction between temperature and rainfall determines the probability of tropical forest fire occurrence in Hainan Island
title_sort interaction between temperature and rainfall determines the probability of tropical forest fire occurrence in hainan island
topic tropical forest fires
forest fire ecology
fire drivers
climate change impact
global warming
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ffgc.2025.1495699/full
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