Seasonal prey taxa and size selection and drivers of age-0 walleye ontogenetic diet shifts

Prey abundance and size vary seasonally, creating a dynamic connection between predator and prey. The natural complexity related to consuming multiple prey types as fish undergo ontogenetic diet shifts combined with the frequent sampling and substantial laboratory time investment required to investi...

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Main Authors: Casey W. Schoenebeck, Keith D. Koupal, Brian C. Peterson, Chris S. Uphoff, Zach Woiak, Brett T. Miller, Melissa R. Wuellner, Joshua W. Kreitman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-04-01
Series:Journal of Freshwater Ecology
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/02705060.2024.2426555
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author Casey W. Schoenebeck
Keith D. Koupal
Brian C. Peterson
Chris S. Uphoff
Zach Woiak
Brett T. Miller
Melissa R. Wuellner
Joshua W. Kreitman
author_facet Casey W. Schoenebeck
Keith D. Koupal
Brian C. Peterson
Chris S. Uphoff
Zach Woiak
Brett T. Miller
Melissa R. Wuellner
Joshua W. Kreitman
author_sort Casey W. Schoenebeck
collection DOAJ
description Prey abundance and size vary seasonally, creating a dynamic connection between predator and prey. The natural complexity related to consuming multiple prey types as fish undergo ontogenetic diet shifts combined with the frequent sampling and substantial laboratory time investment required to investigate seasonal predator-prey dynamics limits understanding of seasonal prey availability and age-0 prey taxa and size selection. Our study used frequent prey sampling spanning a four-year period to understand which prey taxa and sizes are seasonally available to age-0 walleye Sander vitreus, which were sampled from May to November across all four years of this study to document food habits and prey sizes. Consumed prey were then compared to available prey within the reservoir to evaluate prey taxa and size selection. Age-0 walleye seasonal food habits were consistently simplistic as age-0 walleye in this study largely consumed a single zooplankton taxa (calanoida) and then shifted directly to piscivory where they again focused consumption on a single taxa, and age group (age-0 gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum) while passing over available benthic macroinvertebrates. The ontogenetic shift to larval gizzard shad coincided with peak larval shad availability. Interestingly, age-0 walleye were size selective for both prey types, selecting the largest calanoida available when zooplanktivorous but consuming some of the smallest age-0 gizzard shad despite increasing gape size that would have allowed for consumption of larger shad.
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spelling doaj-art-4f29c849137841c488f2e78bb64faee22025-08-20T02:38:18ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of Freshwater Ecology0270-50602156-69412024-04-0139110.1080/02705060.2024.2426555Seasonal prey taxa and size selection and drivers of age-0 walleye ontogenetic diet shiftsCasey W. Schoenebeck0Keith D. Koupal1Brian C. Peterson2Chris S. Uphoff3Zach Woiak4Brett T. Miller5Melissa R. Wuellner6Joshua W. Kreitman7Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Bruner Hall of Science, Kearney, NE, USANebraska Game and Parks Commission, Kearney, NE, USADepartment of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Bruner Hall of Science, Kearney, NE, USADepartment of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Bruner Hall of Science, Kearney, NE, USADepartment of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Bruner Hall of Science, Kearney, NE, USADepartment of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Bruner Hall of Science, Kearney, NE, USADepartment of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Bruner Hall of Science, Kearney, NE, USADepartment of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Bruner Hall of Science, Kearney, NE, USAPrey abundance and size vary seasonally, creating a dynamic connection between predator and prey. The natural complexity related to consuming multiple prey types as fish undergo ontogenetic diet shifts combined with the frequent sampling and substantial laboratory time investment required to investigate seasonal predator-prey dynamics limits understanding of seasonal prey availability and age-0 prey taxa and size selection. Our study used frequent prey sampling spanning a four-year period to understand which prey taxa and sizes are seasonally available to age-0 walleye Sander vitreus, which were sampled from May to November across all four years of this study to document food habits and prey sizes. Consumed prey were then compared to available prey within the reservoir to evaluate prey taxa and size selection. Age-0 walleye seasonal food habits were consistently simplistic as age-0 walleye in this study largely consumed a single zooplankton taxa (calanoida) and then shifted directly to piscivory where they again focused consumption on a single taxa, and age group (age-0 gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum) while passing over available benthic macroinvertebrates. The ontogenetic shift to larval gizzard shad coincided with peak larval shad availability. Interestingly, age-0 walleye were size selective for both prey types, selecting the largest calanoida available when zooplanktivorous but consuming some of the smallest age-0 gizzard shad despite increasing gape size that would have allowed for consumption of larger shad.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/02705060.2024.2426555Food habitspreyselectionsizegapeontogenetic shift
spellingShingle Casey W. Schoenebeck
Keith D. Koupal
Brian C. Peterson
Chris S. Uphoff
Zach Woiak
Brett T. Miller
Melissa R. Wuellner
Joshua W. Kreitman
Seasonal prey taxa and size selection and drivers of age-0 walleye ontogenetic diet shifts
Journal of Freshwater Ecology
Food habits
prey
selection
size
gape
ontogenetic shift
title Seasonal prey taxa and size selection and drivers of age-0 walleye ontogenetic diet shifts
title_full Seasonal prey taxa and size selection and drivers of age-0 walleye ontogenetic diet shifts
title_fullStr Seasonal prey taxa and size selection and drivers of age-0 walleye ontogenetic diet shifts
title_full_unstemmed Seasonal prey taxa and size selection and drivers of age-0 walleye ontogenetic diet shifts
title_short Seasonal prey taxa and size selection and drivers of age-0 walleye ontogenetic diet shifts
title_sort seasonal prey taxa and size selection and drivers of age 0 walleye ontogenetic diet shifts
topic Food habits
prey
selection
size
gape
ontogenetic shift
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/02705060.2024.2426555
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