Gender Differences in Visual Information Perception Ability: A Signal Detection Theory Approach
The accurate perception of visual stimuli in human–machine systems is crucial for improving system safety, usability, and task performance. The widespread adoption of digital technology has significantly increased the importance of visual interfaces and information. Therefore, it is essential to des...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-08-01
|
| Series: | Applied Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8621 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849770952913584128 |
|---|---|
| author | Yejin Lee Kwangtae Jung |
| author_facet | Yejin Lee Kwangtae Jung |
| author_sort | Yejin Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The accurate perception of visual stimuli in human–machine systems is crucial for improving system safety, usability, and task performance. The widespread adoption of digital technology has significantly increased the importance of visual interfaces and information. Therefore, it is essential to design visual interfaces and information with user characteristics in mind to ensure accurate perception of visual information. This study employed the Cognitive Perceptual Assessment for Driving (CPAD) to evaluate and compare gender differences in the ability to perceive visual signals within complex visual stimuli. The experimental setup included a computer with CPAD installed, along with a touch monitor, mouse, joystick, and keyboard. The participants included 11 male and 20 female students, with an average age of 22 for males and 21 for females. Prior to the experiment, participants were instructed to determine whether a signal stimulus was present: if a square, presented as the signal, was included in the visual stimulus, they moved the joystick to the left; otherwise, they moved it to the right. Each participant performed a total of 40 trials. The entire experiment was recorded on video to measure overall response times. The experiment measured the number of correct detections of signal presence, response times, the number of misses (failing to detect the signal when present), and false alarms (detecting the signal when absent). The analysis of experimental data revealed no significant differences in perceptual ability or response times for visual stimuli between genders. However, males demonstrated slightly superior perceptual ability and marginally shorter response times compared to females. Analyses of sensitivity and response bias, based on signal detection theory, also indicated a slightly higher perceptual ability in males. In conclusion, although these differences were not statistically significant, males demonstrated a slightly better perception ability for visual stimuli. The findings of this study can inform the design of information, user interfaces, and visual displays in human–machine systems, particularly in light of the recent trend of increased female participation in the industrial sector. Future research will focus on diverse types of visual information to further validate these findings. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4f2279addb434cab887d0cb97fbef90c |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-4f2279addb434cab887d0cb97fbef90c2025-08-20T03:02:48ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-08-011515862110.3390/app15158621Gender Differences in Visual Information Perception Ability: A Signal Detection Theory ApproachYejin Lee0Kwangtae Jung1Department of Industrial Design Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan 31253, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Industrial Design Engineering, Korea University of Technology and Education, Cheonan 31253, Republic of KoreaThe accurate perception of visual stimuli in human–machine systems is crucial for improving system safety, usability, and task performance. The widespread adoption of digital technology has significantly increased the importance of visual interfaces and information. Therefore, it is essential to design visual interfaces and information with user characteristics in mind to ensure accurate perception of visual information. This study employed the Cognitive Perceptual Assessment for Driving (CPAD) to evaluate and compare gender differences in the ability to perceive visual signals within complex visual stimuli. The experimental setup included a computer with CPAD installed, along with a touch monitor, mouse, joystick, and keyboard. The participants included 11 male and 20 female students, with an average age of 22 for males and 21 for females. Prior to the experiment, participants were instructed to determine whether a signal stimulus was present: if a square, presented as the signal, was included in the visual stimulus, they moved the joystick to the left; otherwise, they moved it to the right. Each participant performed a total of 40 trials. The entire experiment was recorded on video to measure overall response times. The experiment measured the number of correct detections of signal presence, response times, the number of misses (failing to detect the signal when present), and false alarms (detecting the signal when absent). The analysis of experimental data revealed no significant differences in perceptual ability or response times for visual stimuli between genders. However, males demonstrated slightly superior perceptual ability and marginally shorter response times compared to females. Analyses of sensitivity and response bias, based on signal detection theory, also indicated a slightly higher perceptual ability in males. In conclusion, although these differences were not statistically significant, males demonstrated a slightly better perception ability for visual stimuli. The findings of this study can inform the design of information, user interfaces, and visual displays in human–machine systems, particularly in light of the recent trend of increased female participation in the industrial sector. Future research will focus on diverse types of visual information to further validate these findings.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8621perception capabilitysignal detection theoryresponse timefield dependenceCPAD |
| spellingShingle | Yejin Lee Kwangtae Jung Gender Differences in Visual Information Perception Ability: A Signal Detection Theory Approach Applied Sciences perception capability signal detection theory response time field dependence CPAD |
| title | Gender Differences in Visual Information Perception Ability: A Signal Detection Theory Approach |
| title_full | Gender Differences in Visual Information Perception Ability: A Signal Detection Theory Approach |
| title_fullStr | Gender Differences in Visual Information Perception Ability: A Signal Detection Theory Approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gender Differences in Visual Information Perception Ability: A Signal Detection Theory Approach |
| title_short | Gender Differences in Visual Information Perception Ability: A Signal Detection Theory Approach |
| title_sort | gender differences in visual information perception ability a signal detection theory approach |
| topic | perception capability signal detection theory response time field dependence CPAD |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8621 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yejinlee genderdifferencesinvisualinformationperceptionabilityasignaldetectiontheoryapproach AT kwangtaejung genderdifferencesinvisualinformationperceptionabilityasignaldetectiontheoryapproach |