A Multi-Feature Fusion Algorithm for Fatigue Driving Detection Considering Individual Driver Differences

Fatigue driving is one of the crucial factors causing traffic accidents. Most existing fatigue driving detection algorithms overlook individual driver characteristics, potentially leading to misjudgments. This article presents a novel detection algorithm that utilizes facial multi-feature fusion, th...

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Main Authors: Meng Zhou, Xiaoyi Zhou, Zhijian Li, Xinyue Liu, Chengming Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Algorithms
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/5/247
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author Meng Zhou
Xiaoyi Zhou
Zhijian Li
Xinyue Liu
Chengming Chen
author_facet Meng Zhou
Xiaoyi Zhou
Zhijian Li
Xinyue Liu
Chengming Chen
author_sort Meng Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Fatigue driving is one of the crucial factors causing traffic accidents. Most existing fatigue driving detection algorithms overlook individual driver characteristics, potentially leading to misjudgments. This article presents a novel detection algorithm that utilizes facial multi-feature fusion, thoroughly considering the driver’s individual characteristics. To improve the judging accuracy of the driver’s facial expressions, a personalized threshold is proposed based on the normalization of the driver’s eyes and mouth opening and closing instead of the traditional average threshold, as individual drivers have different eye and mouth sizes. Given the dynamic changes in fatigue level, a sliding window model is designed for further calculating blinking duration ratio (BF), yawning frequency (YF), and nodding frequency (NF), and these evaluation indexes are used in the feature fusion model. The reliability of the algorithm is verified by the actual test results, which show that the detection accuracy reaches 95.6% and shows good application potential in fatigue detection applications. In this way, facial multi-feature fusion and fully considering the driver’s individual characteristics makes fatigue driving detection more accurate.
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spelling doaj-art-4f0da4e490c84c0ebacc7f27f579c1412025-08-20T03:14:38ZengMDPI AGAlgorithms1999-48932025-04-0118524710.3390/a18050247A Multi-Feature Fusion Algorithm for Fatigue Driving Detection Considering Individual Driver DifferencesMeng Zhou0Xiaoyi Zhou1Zhijian Li2Xinyue Liu3Chengming Chen4College of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaChina Institute of Marine Technology and Economy, Beijing 100081, ChinaCollege of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaCollege of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaFatigue driving is one of the crucial factors causing traffic accidents. Most existing fatigue driving detection algorithms overlook individual driver characteristics, potentially leading to misjudgments. This article presents a novel detection algorithm that utilizes facial multi-feature fusion, thoroughly considering the driver’s individual characteristics. To improve the judging accuracy of the driver’s facial expressions, a personalized threshold is proposed based on the normalization of the driver’s eyes and mouth opening and closing instead of the traditional average threshold, as individual drivers have different eye and mouth sizes. Given the dynamic changes in fatigue level, a sliding window model is designed for further calculating blinking duration ratio (BF), yawning frequency (YF), and nodding frequency (NF), and these evaluation indexes are used in the feature fusion model. The reliability of the algorithm is verified by the actual test results, which show that the detection accuracy reaches 95.6% and shows good application potential in fatigue detection applications. In this way, facial multi-feature fusion and fully considering the driver’s individual characteristics makes fatigue driving detection more accurate.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/5/247fatigue drivingfatigue detectionpersonalized thresholdsmulti-feature fusion
spellingShingle Meng Zhou
Xiaoyi Zhou
Zhijian Li
Xinyue Liu
Chengming Chen
A Multi-Feature Fusion Algorithm for Fatigue Driving Detection Considering Individual Driver Differences
Algorithms
fatigue driving
fatigue detection
personalized thresholds
multi-feature fusion
title A Multi-Feature Fusion Algorithm for Fatigue Driving Detection Considering Individual Driver Differences
title_full A Multi-Feature Fusion Algorithm for Fatigue Driving Detection Considering Individual Driver Differences
title_fullStr A Multi-Feature Fusion Algorithm for Fatigue Driving Detection Considering Individual Driver Differences
title_full_unstemmed A Multi-Feature Fusion Algorithm for Fatigue Driving Detection Considering Individual Driver Differences
title_short A Multi-Feature Fusion Algorithm for Fatigue Driving Detection Considering Individual Driver Differences
title_sort multi feature fusion algorithm for fatigue driving detection considering individual driver differences
topic fatigue driving
fatigue detection
personalized thresholds
multi-feature fusion
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4893/18/5/247
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