Optoelectronic optimization of graded-bandgap CdTeSe thin-film solar cells

Recent research on CdTeSe thin-film solar cells has indicated that front-junction grading suppresses nonradiative recombination and improves carrier collection, thereby improving the solar-cell efficiency. However, a comprehensive study encompassing different bandgap-grading profiles—such as linear,...

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Main Authors: Faiz Ahmad, Akhlesh Lakhtakia, Peter B Monk
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Physics Communications
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/addbc0
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author Faiz Ahmad
Akhlesh Lakhtakia
Peter B Monk
author_facet Faiz Ahmad
Akhlesh Lakhtakia
Peter B Monk
author_sort Faiz Ahmad
collection DOAJ
description Recent research on CdTeSe thin-film solar cells has indicated that front-junction grading suppresses nonradiative recombination and improves carrier collection, thereby improving the solar-cell efficiency. However, a comprehensive study encompassing different bandgap-grading profiles—such as linear, nonlinear, and piecewise homogeneous—is required to fully understand their impact on device performance. Hence, detailed optoelectronic simulations of these solar cells were performed to determine the effects of compositional grading and absorbing-layer thickness on power-conversion efficiency. The transfer-matrix method was used to calculate the electron-hole-pair (EHP) generation rate, and a one-dimensional drift-diffusion model was used to determine the EHP recombination rate, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, power-conversion efficiency, and fill factor. Optimization using the differential evolution algorithm indicates that linearly and nonlinearly graded CdTeSe photon-absorbing layers of 3000 nm thickness can deliver an efficiency of 21.79% and 21.22%, respectively, when the selenium-to-tellurium ratio is not allowed to exceed 2/3. Also, the simulations indicate that a two-layered piecewise-homogeneous CdTeSe photon-absorbing layer, with a thickness of 3000 nm, can deliver 22.13% efficiency. If higher selenium content is permitted, the maximum efficiency attainable rises to 24.68%.
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spelling doaj-art-4f095fabb4b2456d821ee9a36dc73aca2025-08-20T03:24:32ZengIOP PublishingJournal of Physics Communications2399-65282025-01-019505500810.1088/2399-6528/addbc0Optoelectronic optimization of graded-bandgap CdTeSe thin-film solar cellsFaiz Ahmad0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0635-207XAkhlesh Lakhtakia1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-2313Peter B Monk2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6539-5897NanoMM–Nanoengineered Metamaterials Group, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802-6812, United States of America; Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19716, United States of AmericaNanoMM–Nanoengineered Metamaterials Group, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802-6812, United States of AmericaDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, University of Delaware , Newark, DE 19716, United States of AmericaRecent research on CdTeSe thin-film solar cells has indicated that front-junction grading suppresses nonradiative recombination and improves carrier collection, thereby improving the solar-cell efficiency. However, a comprehensive study encompassing different bandgap-grading profiles—such as linear, nonlinear, and piecewise homogeneous—is required to fully understand their impact on device performance. Hence, detailed optoelectronic simulations of these solar cells were performed to determine the effects of compositional grading and absorbing-layer thickness on power-conversion efficiency. The transfer-matrix method was used to calculate the electron-hole-pair (EHP) generation rate, and a one-dimensional drift-diffusion model was used to determine the EHP recombination rate, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, power-conversion efficiency, and fill factor. Optimization using the differential evolution algorithm indicates that linearly and nonlinearly graded CdTeSe photon-absorbing layers of 3000 nm thickness can deliver an efficiency of 21.79% and 21.22%, respectively, when the selenium-to-tellurium ratio is not allowed to exceed 2/3. Also, the simulations indicate that a two-layered piecewise-homogeneous CdTeSe photon-absorbing layer, with a thickness of 3000 nm, can deliver 22.13% efficiency. If higher selenium content is permitted, the maximum efficiency attainable rises to 24.68%.https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/addbc0CdTe solar cellbandgap gradingoptoelectronic optimizationthin-film solar cell
spellingShingle Faiz Ahmad
Akhlesh Lakhtakia
Peter B Monk
Optoelectronic optimization of graded-bandgap CdTeSe thin-film solar cells
Journal of Physics Communications
CdTe solar cell
bandgap grading
optoelectronic optimization
thin-film solar cell
title Optoelectronic optimization of graded-bandgap CdTeSe thin-film solar cells
title_full Optoelectronic optimization of graded-bandgap CdTeSe thin-film solar cells
title_fullStr Optoelectronic optimization of graded-bandgap CdTeSe thin-film solar cells
title_full_unstemmed Optoelectronic optimization of graded-bandgap CdTeSe thin-film solar cells
title_short Optoelectronic optimization of graded-bandgap CdTeSe thin-film solar cells
title_sort optoelectronic optimization of graded bandgap cdtese thin film solar cells
topic CdTe solar cell
bandgap grading
optoelectronic optimization
thin-film solar cell
url https://doi.org/10.1088/2399-6528/addbc0
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AT akhleshlakhtakia optoelectronicoptimizationofgradedbandgapcdtesethinfilmsolarcells
AT peterbmonk optoelectronicoptimizationofgradedbandgapcdtesethinfilmsolarcells