Optimization of Compressive Strength Properties in Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printed PLA/HA Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

ABSTRACT This study investigates the optimization of 3D‐printed polylactic acid (PLA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composites for biomedical applications, focusing on enhancing mechanical properties through process parameter optimization and surface modification. The response surface methodology (RSM), a...

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Main Authors: Shashwath Patil, T. Sathish, Nashwan Adnan Othman, Bashar Tarawneh, Taoufik Saidani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-05-01
Series:Engineering Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70133
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author Shashwath Patil
T. Sathish
Nashwan Adnan Othman
Bashar Tarawneh
Taoufik Saidani
author_facet Shashwath Patil
T. Sathish
Nashwan Adnan Othman
Bashar Tarawneh
Taoufik Saidani
author_sort Shashwath Patil
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT This study investigates the optimization of 3D‐printed polylactic acid (PLA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composites for biomedical applications, focusing on enhancing mechanical properties through process parameter optimization and surface modification. The response surface methodology (RSM), along with post hoc statistical validation using Tukey's HSD test, was employed to evaluate the influence of nozzle temperature (200°C–240°C), layer height (0.1–0.3 mm), and HA filler ratio (3–9 wt%) on the compressive strength of both untreated and chemically treated composites. Silane treatment was applied to HA to improve interfacial bonding, resulting in a 5%–7% increase in compressive strength compared to untreated samples. The optimal conditions (240°C, 9% HA, 0.3 mm layer thickness) yielded a maximum compressive strength of 75.35 MPa in treated composites and 71.42 MPa for untreated samples. Statistical analysis confirmed that layer thickness and HA content significantly influenced mechanical performance. Contour plots and 3D response surfaces were also incorporated to visualize parameter interactions. Comparison with other optimization techniques demonstrated that RSM effectively minimized experimental runs while achieving superior mechanical properties. These findings suggest that chemically modified PLA/HA composites are promising candidates for load‐bearing biomedical applications.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2577-8196
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publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Wiley
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spelling doaj-art-4ef567decbfe4f7f8c5f5726ae4d56542025-08-20T03:48:27ZengWileyEngineering Reports2577-81962025-05-0175n/an/a10.1002/eng2.70133Optimization of Compressive Strength Properties in Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printed PLA/HA Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering ApplicationsShashwath Patil0T. Sathish1Nashwan Adnan Othman2Bashar Tarawneh3Taoufik Saidani4Department of Mechanical Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS Thandalam Chennai IndiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS Thandalam Chennai IndiaDepartment of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering Knowledge University Erbil IraqHourani Center for Applied Scientific Research (HCASR) Al‐Ahliyya Amman University Amman JordanCenter for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship Northern Border University Arar Saudi ArabiaABSTRACT This study investigates the optimization of 3D‐printed polylactic acid (PLA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) composites for biomedical applications, focusing on enhancing mechanical properties through process parameter optimization and surface modification. The response surface methodology (RSM), along with post hoc statistical validation using Tukey's HSD test, was employed to evaluate the influence of nozzle temperature (200°C–240°C), layer height (0.1–0.3 mm), and HA filler ratio (3–9 wt%) on the compressive strength of both untreated and chemically treated composites. Silane treatment was applied to HA to improve interfacial bonding, resulting in a 5%–7% increase in compressive strength compared to untreated samples. The optimal conditions (240°C, 9% HA, 0.3 mm layer thickness) yielded a maximum compressive strength of 75.35 MPa in treated composites and 71.42 MPa for untreated samples. Statistical analysis confirmed that layer thickness and HA content significantly influenced mechanical performance. Contour plots and 3D response surfaces were also incorporated to visualize parameter interactions. Comparison with other optimization techniques demonstrated that RSM effectively minimized experimental runs while achieving superior mechanical properties. These findings suggest that chemically modified PLA/HA composites are promising candidates for load‐bearing biomedical applications.https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.701333D printingbiomedical applicationscompressive strengthPLA/HA composites
spellingShingle Shashwath Patil
T. Sathish
Nashwan Adnan Othman
Bashar Tarawneh
Taoufik Saidani
Optimization of Compressive Strength Properties in Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printed PLA/HA Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
Engineering Reports
3D printing
biomedical applications
compressive strength
PLA/HA composites
title Optimization of Compressive Strength Properties in Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printed PLA/HA Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
title_full Optimization of Compressive Strength Properties in Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printed PLA/HA Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
title_fullStr Optimization of Compressive Strength Properties in Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printed PLA/HA Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of Compressive Strength Properties in Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printed PLA/HA Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
title_short Optimization of Compressive Strength Properties in Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printed PLA/HA Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications
title_sort optimization of compressive strength properties in fused deposition modeling 3d printed pla ha composites for bone tissue engineering applications
topic 3D printing
biomedical applications
compressive strength
PLA/HA composites
url https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70133
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