Synthesis and Evaluation of 3D Nitrogen Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide (3D N@rGO) Macrostructure for Boosted Solar Driven Interfacial Desalination of Saline Water

Abstract Recently, there has been a growing interest in solar‐driven interfacial desalination technology, which focuses on the localization of heat to the air‐water interface. In this study, 3D nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (3D N@rGO) photothermal material is synthesized with a facile one‐st...

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Main Authors: Fisseha A Bezza, Samuel A. Iwarere, Shepherd M. Tichapondwa, Hendrik G. Brink, Michael O. Daramola, Evans MN Chirwa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Global Challenges
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202400080
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author Fisseha A Bezza
Samuel A. Iwarere
Shepherd M. Tichapondwa
Hendrik G. Brink
Michael O. Daramola
Evans MN Chirwa
author_facet Fisseha A Bezza
Samuel A. Iwarere
Shepherd M. Tichapondwa
Hendrik G. Brink
Michael O. Daramola
Evans MN Chirwa
author_sort Fisseha A Bezza
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Recently, there has been a growing interest in solar‐driven interfacial desalination technology, which focuses on the localization of heat to the air‐water interface. In this study, 3D nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (3D N@rGO) photothermal material is synthesized with a facile one‐step hydrothermal process. The material exhibited richer porosity, high hydrophilicity for efficient water channeling, and all‐directional solar absorption potential. The 3D N@rGO solar absorber attained up to ≈55 °C surface temperature rise and showed ≈134% photothermal conversion efficiency with 1.94 kg m−2 h−1 net freshwater generation rate under 1 sun solar illumination, owing to efficient latent heat recycle. On a high salinity desalination study performed using 10 and 20 wt.% salinity levels, the photothermal material showed 1.66 and 1.31 kg m−2 h−1 evaporation rates respectively. It sustained stable long‐term desalination performance without visible salt accumulation on the surface up to a salinity level of 10 wt.%. In a three‐day outdoor test carried out utilizing simulated seawater with a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, the 3D evaporator demonstrated an average freshwater production rate of 2.61 kg m−2 h−1, during the test the solar power density reached up to 1.1 kW m−2. The 3D solar absorber exhibited a promising potential for large‐scale seawater desalination in water‐scarce regions worldwide.
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spelling doaj-art-4ee05e0908bd49e892e1f323aab18af52025-08-20T02:12:49ZengWileyGlobal Challenges2056-66462025-04-0194n/an/a10.1002/gch2.202400080Synthesis and Evaluation of 3D Nitrogen Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide (3D N@rGO) Macrostructure for Boosted Solar Driven Interfacial Desalination of Saline WaterFisseha A Bezza0Samuel A. Iwarere1Shepherd M. Tichapondwa2Hendrik G. Brink3Michael O. Daramola4Evans MN Chirwa5Sustainable Energy and Environment Research Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South AfricaSustainable Energy and Environment Research Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South AfricaSustainable Energy and Environment Research Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South AfricaSustainable Energy and Environment Research Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South AfricaSustainable Energy and Environment Research Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South AfricaSustainable Energy and Environment Research Group Department of Chemical Engineering University of Pretoria Pretoria 0002 South AfricaAbstract Recently, there has been a growing interest in solar‐driven interfacial desalination technology, which focuses on the localization of heat to the air‐water interface. In this study, 3D nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide (3D N@rGO) photothermal material is synthesized with a facile one‐step hydrothermal process. The material exhibited richer porosity, high hydrophilicity for efficient water channeling, and all‐directional solar absorption potential. The 3D N@rGO solar absorber attained up to ≈55 °C surface temperature rise and showed ≈134% photothermal conversion efficiency with 1.94 kg m−2 h−1 net freshwater generation rate under 1 sun solar illumination, owing to efficient latent heat recycle. On a high salinity desalination study performed using 10 and 20 wt.% salinity levels, the photothermal material showed 1.66 and 1.31 kg m−2 h−1 evaporation rates respectively. It sustained stable long‐term desalination performance without visible salt accumulation on the surface up to a salinity level of 10 wt.%. In a three‐day outdoor test carried out utilizing simulated seawater with a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution, the 3D evaporator demonstrated an average freshwater production rate of 2.61 kg m−2 h−1, during the test the solar power density reached up to 1.1 kW m−2. The 3D solar absorber exhibited a promising potential for large‐scale seawater desalination in water‐scarce regions worldwide.https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202400080interfacial desalinationnitrogen‐dopedphotothermal conversion efficiencyphotothermal materialreduced graphene oxide
spellingShingle Fisseha A Bezza
Samuel A. Iwarere
Shepherd M. Tichapondwa
Hendrik G. Brink
Michael O. Daramola
Evans MN Chirwa
Synthesis and Evaluation of 3D Nitrogen Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide (3D N@rGO) Macrostructure for Boosted Solar Driven Interfacial Desalination of Saline Water
Global Challenges
interfacial desalination
nitrogen‐doped
photothermal conversion efficiency
photothermal material
reduced graphene oxide
title Synthesis and Evaluation of 3D Nitrogen Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide (3D N@rGO) Macrostructure for Boosted Solar Driven Interfacial Desalination of Saline Water
title_full Synthesis and Evaluation of 3D Nitrogen Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide (3D N@rGO) Macrostructure for Boosted Solar Driven Interfacial Desalination of Saline Water
title_fullStr Synthesis and Evaluation of 3D Nitrogen Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide (3D N@rGO) Macrostructure for Boosted Solar Driven Interfacial Desalination of Saline Water
title_full_unstemmed Synthesis and Evaluation of 3D Nitrogen Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide (3D N@rGO) Macrostructure for Boosted Solar Driven Interfacial Desalination of Saline Water
title_short Synthesis and Evaluation of 3D Nitrogen Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide (3D N@rGO) Macrostructure for Boosted Solar Driven Interfacial Desalination of Saline Water
title_sort synthesis and evaluation of 3d nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide 3d n rgo macrostructure for boosted solar driven interfacial desalination of saline water
topic interfacial desalination
nitrogen‐doped
photothermal conversion efficiency
photothermal material
reduced graphene oxide
url https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202400080
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