Exploring developmental factors influencing performance excellence in twice-exceptional Saudi athletes: a case study of Paralympic champions

IntroductionAchieving exceptional performance in sports, particularly among twice-exceptional athletes, is a multifaceted process that remains underexplored. Understanding the developmental pathways that lead to performance excellence is essential for supporting this unique population.MethodsThis st...

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Main Authors: Abdulhamid A. Alarfaj, Marwa M. Hassan, Refah M. Aljohar, Fahad A. Almuaili, Mohamed D. Hassan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Psychology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1556081/full
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author Abdulhamid A. Alarfaj
Marwa M. Hassan
Refah M. Aljohar
Fahad A. Almuaili
Mohamed D. Hassan
author_facet Abdulhamid A. Alarfaj
Marwa M. Hassan
Refah M. Aljohar
Fahad A. Almuaili
Mohamed D. Hassan
author_sort Abdulhamid A. Alarfaj
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionAchieving exceptional performance in sports, particularly among twice-exceptional athletes, is a multifaceted process that remains underexplored. Understanding the developmental pathways that lead to performance excellence is essential for supporting this unique population.MethodsThis study employed a qualitative case study approach involving three male Paralympic champions (mean age: 33 years). Data were collected using achievement portfolios and in-depth interviews to explore the athletes’ lived experiences and identify influential developmental factors.ResultsTwo distinct developmental stages emerged from the analysis. The first stage, characterized by spontaneous and unstructured motivation, was shaped by psychological and social influences that sparked a general interest in sports. The second stage involved intentional goal setting and structured practice within specialized sports environments. Key factors such as individual growth characteristics and physiological development influenced each stage differently over time.DiscussionThe findings highlight the complex interplay of personal, psychological, social, and contextual factors in the development of performance excellence in twice-exceptional Paralympic athletes. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how targeted support and recognition of developmental needs can foster sustained athletic excellence.
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publishDate 2025-04-01
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spelling doaj-art-4ed5b703d6734fdf9b0ec3b75b9507c82025-08-20T03:17:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782025-04-011610.3389/fpsyg.2025.15560811556081Exploring developmental factors influencing performance excellence in twice-exceptional Saudi athletes: a case study of Paralympic championsAbdulhamid A. Alarfaj0Marwa M. Hassan1Refah M. Aljohar2Fahad A. Almuaili3Mohamed D. Hassan4Department of Special Education, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physical Education, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Special Education, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Special Education, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Physical Education, College of Education, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi ArabiaIntroductionAchieving exceptional performance in sports, particularly among twice-exceptional athletes, is a multifaceted process that remains underexplored. Understanding the developmental pathways that lead to performance excellence is essential for supporting this unique population.MethodsThis study employed a qualitative case study approach involving three male Paralympic champions (mean age: 33 years). Data were collected using achievement portfolios and in-depth interviews to explore the athletes’ lived experiences and identify influential developmental factors.ResultsTwo distinct developmental stages emerged from the analysis. The first stage, characterized by spontaneous and unstructured motivation, was shaped by psychological and social influences that sparked a general interest in sports. The second stage involved intentional goal setting and structured practice within specialized sports environments. Key factors such as individual growth characteristics and physiological development influenced each stage differently over time.DiscussionThe findings highlight the complex interplay of personal, psychological, social, and contextual factors in the development of performance excellence in twice-exceptional Paralympic athletes. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how targeted support and recognition of developmental needs can foster sustained athletic excellence.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1556081/fulltwice-exceptional athletesParalympic athleteselite performancedevelopmental factorspsychosocial impactadaptive sports excellence
spellingShingle Abdulhamid A. Alarfaj
Marwa M. Hassan
Refah M. Aljohar
Fahad A. Almuaili
Mohamed D. Hassan
Exploring developmental factors influencing performance excellence in twice-exceptional Saudi athletes: a case study of Paralympic champions
Frontiers in Psychology
twice-exceptional athletes
Paralympic athletes
elite performance
developmental factors
psychosocial impact
adaptive sports excellence
title Exploring developmental factors influencing performance excellence in twice-exceptional Saudi athletes: a case study of Paralympic champions
title_full Exploring developmental factors influencing performance excellence in twice-exceptional Saudi athletes: a case study of Paralympic champions
title_fullStr Exploring developmental factors influencing performance excellence in twice-exceptional Saudi athletes: a case study of Paralympic champions
title_full_unstemmed Exploring developmental factors influencing performance excellence in twice-exceptional Saudi athletes: a case study of Paralympic champions
title_short Exploring developmental factors influencing performance excellence in twice-exceptional Saudi athletes: a case study of Paralympic champions
title_sort exploring developmental factors influencing performance excellence in twice exceptional saudi athletes a case study of paralympic champions
topic twice-exceptional athletes
Paralympic athletes
elite performance
developmental factors
psychosocial impact
adaptive sports excellence
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1556081/full
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