Life cycle assessment of deep eutectic solvent employment for sustainable nanocellulose production from biomass: a systematic review

Nanocellulose has been the research focus in recent years due to its unique properties, diverse potential applications, and the availability of abundant biomass sources. In view of the use of hazardous chemicals and high temperatures via conventional solvents, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as green...

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Main Authors: Angky Wahyu Putranto, Sri Suhartini, Yusuf Wibisono, Nanang Masruchin, Adeline Seak May Chua, Gek Cheng Ngoh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17518253.2025.2507283
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author Angky Wahyu Putranto
Sri Suhartini
Yusuf Wibisono
Nanang Masruchin
Adeline Seak May Chua
Gek Cheng Ngoh
author_facet Angky Wahyu Putranto
Sri Suhartini
Yusuf Wibisono
Nanang Masruchin
Adeline Seak May Chua
Gek Cheng Ngoh
author_sort Angky Wahyu Putranto
collection DOAJ
description Nanocellulose has been the research focus in recent years due to its unique properties, diverse potential applications, and the availability of abundant biomass sources. In view of the use of hazardous chemicals and high temperatures via conventional solvents, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as green solvent-based pretreatments have been explored to facilitate sustainable nanocellulose production. However, detailed and comprehensive studies on life cycle assessment (LCA) in nanocellulose production to be fully considered sustainable production are still lacking. Therefore, this review comprehensively investigates the LCA aspects of nanocellulose production from various biomass sources. The review findings underlined that the chemicals used for the pretreatment and isolation of nanocellulose significantly contributed to Global Warming Potential (GWP) in 85% of the case studies. Four scenario processes of nanocellulose production are proposed to reduce environmental impact, since DES has a recovery rate of 80–95% and the use of chlorine-free bleaching has reduced the GWP up to 70 kg CO2 equivalent. Furthermore, cradle-to-gate sustainable nanocellulose production through DES-based pretreatment and the LCA impact categories are discussed in this review paper. Future outlooks and recommendations provide insights into the potential environmental benefits of implementing DES-based pretreatment processes for sustainable nanocellulose production.
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spelling doaj-art-4ec928e044ab47be8d0aab871521d58a2025-08-20T01:57:08ZengTaylor & Francis GroupGreen Chemistry Letters and Reviews1751-82531751-71922025-12-0118110.1080/17518253.2025.2507283Life cycle assessment of deep eutectic solvent employment for sustainable nanocellulose production from biomass: a systematic reviewAngky Wahyu Putranto0Sri Suhartini1Yusuf Wibisono2Nanang Masruchin3Adeline Seak May Chua4Gek Cheng Ngoh5Sustainable Process Engineering Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Agro-industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, IndonesiaDepartment of Biosystems Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, IndonesiaResearch Center for Biomass and Bioproducts, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, IndonesiaSustainable Process Engineering Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaSustainable Process Engineering Centre, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaNanocellulose has been the research focus in recent years due to its unique properties, diverse potential applications, and the availability of abundant biomass sources. In view of the use of hazardous chemicals and high temperatures via conventional solvents, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as green solvent-based pretreatments have been explored to facilitate sustainable nanocellulose production. However, detailed and comprehensive studies on life cycle assessment (LCA) in nanocellulose production to be fully considered sustainable production are still lacking. Therefore, this review comprehensively investigates the LCA aspects of nanocellulose production from various biomass sources. The review findings underlined that the chemicals used for the pretreatment and isolation of nanocellulose significantly contributed to Global Warming Potential (GWP) in 85% of the case studies. Four scenario processes of nanocellulose production are proposed to reduce environmental impact, since DES has a recovery rate of 80–95% and the use of chlorine-free bleaching has reduced the GWP up to 70 kg CO2 equivalent. Furthermore, cradle-to-gate sustainable nanocellulose production through DES-based pretreatment and the LCA impact categories are discussed in this review paper. Future outlooks and recommendations provide insights into the potential environmental benefits of implementing DES-based pretreatment processes for sustainable nanocellulose production.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17518253.2025.2507283Life cycle assessmentnanocellulose productiondeep eutectic solventbiomasssustainable
spellingShingle Angky Wahyu Putranto
Sri Suhartini
Yusuf Wibisono
Nanang Masruchin
Adeline Seak May Chua
Gek Cheng Ngoh
Life cycle assessment of deep eutectic solvent employment for sustainable nanocellulose production from biomass: a systematic review
Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews
Life cycle assessment
nanocellulose production
deep eutectic solvent
biomass
sustainable
title Life cycle assessment of deep eutectic solvent employment for sustainable nanocellulose production from biomass: a systematic review
title_full Life cycle assessment of deep eutectic solvent employment for sustainable nanocellulose production from biomass: a systematic review
title_fullStr Life cycle assessment of deep eutectic solvent employment for sustainable nanocellulose production from biomass: a systematic review
title_full_unstemmed Life cycle assessment of deep eutectic solvent employment for sustainable nanocellulose production from biomass: a systematic review
title_short Life cycle assessment of deep eutectic solvent employment for sustainable nanocellulose production from biomass: a systematic review
title_sort life cycle assessment of deep eutectic solvent employment for sustainable nanocellulose production from biomass a systematic review
topic Life cycle assessment
nanocellulose production
deep eutectic solvent
biomass
sustainable
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/17518253.2025.2507283
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