Impact of monthly air pollution and weather conditions on cardiorespiratory mortality in Portuguese Metropolitan Areas
Abstract This study analyses cardiorespiratory mortality rates (CARDIO) and their association with air pollutants - particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters lower of equal to 10 or 2.5 (µm) (PM10, PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) - and meteorological variables (t...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88473-8 |
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| author | Ediclê de Souza Fernandes Duarte Paulo Sérgio Lucio Lígia Henriques-Rodrigues Maria João Costa |
| author_facet | Ediclê de Souza Fernandes Duarte Paulo Sérgio Lucio Lígia Henriques-Rodrigues Maria João Costa |
| author_sort | Ediclê de Souza Fernandes Duarte |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study analyses cardiorespiratory mortality rates (CARDIO) and their association with air pollutants - particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters lower of equal to 10 or 2.5 (µm) (PM10, PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) - and meteorological variables (temperature, humidity, wind speed, direction) in the Lisbon (LMA) and Porto (PMA) metropolitan areas from 2011 to 2020. Monthly analyses reveal regional patterns and seasonal variations. The results show that PMA had a higher average CARDIO rate (202.94 [Deaths per 100 000]) compared to LMA (169.70 [Deaths per 100 000]). Linear and Poisson regression, contingency tables, correspondence analysis and Pearson’s chi-squared tests confirmed significant associations between low temperature and wind speeds, high pollutant concentrations, and increased mortality. Lower temperature (≤ 13 [°C]) and wind speed (≤ 2.5 [m/s]) were consistently associated with increased CARDIO in both regions. High pollutant levels, particularly PM10 (≥ 24 [µg/m³]) and NO2 (≥ 24 [µg/m³]), were also associated with higher CARDIO rates. Additionally, high PM2.5 and CO levels were linked to increased CARDIO in LMA. The seasonal Mann-Kendall test showed no significant trend in CARDIO for LMA, but a statically significant increasing trend of 2.14 [Deaths per 100 000]) per month for PMA. This study shows the importance of mid-term exposure standards and emphasises the need for multifactorial assessments of air quality and meteorological impacts on health, as regional differences in pollutant dynamics and meteorological conditions may significantly impact cardiorespiratory mortality in urban areas. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4ec11b1974b24e558cbe215b846e5084 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-4ec11b1974b24e558cbe215b846e50842025-02-09T12:32:32ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-02-0115112010.1038/s41598-025-88473-8Impact of monthly air pollution and weather conditions on cardiorespiratory mortality in Portuguese Metropolitan AreasEdiclê de Souza Fernandes Duarte0Paulo Sérgio Lucio1Lígia Henriques-Rodrigues2Maria João Costa3Department of Physics, School of Sciences and Technology, University of ÉvoraDepartment of Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do NorteDepartment of Mathematics, School of Sciences and Technology, University of ÉvoraDepartment of Physics, School of Sciences and Technology, University of ÉvoraAbstract This study analyses cardiorespiratory mortality rates (CARDIO) and their association with air pollutants - particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters lower of equal to 10 or 2.5 (µm) (PM10, PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3) - and meteorological variables (temperature, humidity, wind speed, direction) in the Lisbon (LMA) and Porto (PMA) metropolitan areas from 2011 to 2020. Monthly analyses reveal regional patterns and seasonal variations. The results show that PMA had a higher average CARDIO rate (202.94 [Deaths per 100 000]) compared to LMA (169.70 [Deaths per 100 000]). Linear and Poisson regression, contingency tables, correspondence analysis and Pearson’s chi-squared tests confirmed significant associations between low temperature and wind speeds, high pollutant concentrations, and increased mortality. Lower temperature (≤ 13 [°C]) and wind speed (≤ 2.5 [m/s]) were consistently associated with increased CARDIO in both regions. High pollutant levels, particularly PM10 (≥ 24 [µg/m³]) and NO2 (≥ 24 [µg/m³]), were also associated with higher CARDIO rates. Additionally, high PM2.5 and CO levels were linked to increased CARDIO in LMA. The seasonal Mann-Kendall test showed no significant trend in CARDIO for LMA, but a statically significant increasing trend of 2.14 [Deaths per 100 000]) per month for PMA. This study shows the importance of mid-term exposure standards and emphasises the need for multifactorial assessments of air quality and meteorological impacts on health, as regional differences in pollutant dynamics and meteorological conditions may significantly impact cardiorespiratory mortality in urban areas.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88473-8Atmospheric pollutantsMeteorological factorsCardiorespiratory diseasesEnvironmental pollutionMultivariate statistical analysisAir quality |
| spellingShingle | Ediclê de Souza Fernandes Duarte Paulo Sérgio Lucio Lígia Henriques-Rodrigues Maria João Costa Impact of monthly air pollution and weather conditions on cardiorespiratory mortality in Portuguese Metropolitan Areas Scientific Reports Atmospheric pollutants Meteorological factors Cardiorespiratory diseases Environmental pollution Multivariate statistical analysis Air quality |
| title | Impact of monthly air pollution and weather conditions on cardiorespiratory mortality in Portuguese Metropolitan Areas |
| title_full | Impact of monthly air pollution and weather conditions on cardiorespiratory mortality in Portuguese Metropolitan Areas |
| title_fullStr | Impact of monthly air pollution and weather conditions on cardiorespiratory mortality in Portuguese Metropolitan Areas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of monthly air pollution and weather conditions on cardiorespiratory mortality in Portuguese Metropolitan Areas |
| title_short | Impact of monthly air pollution and weather conditions on cardiorespiratory mortality in Portuguese Metropolitan Areas |
| title_sort | impact of monthly air pollution and weather conditions on cardiorespiratory mortality in portuguese metropolitan areas |
| topic | Atmospheric pollutants Meteorological factors Cardiorespiratory diseases Environmental pollution Multivariate statistical analysis Air quality |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-88473-8 |
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