QKDTI A quantum kernel based machine learning model for drug target interaction prediction

Abstract Drug-target interaction (DTI) prediction is a critical task in computational drug discovery, enabling drug repurposing, precise medicine, and large-scale virtual screening. Traditional in-silico methods, such as molecular docking, classical machine learning, and deep learning, have made sig...

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Main Authors: Gundala Pallavi, Ali Altalbe, R. Prasanna Kumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07303-z
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author Gundala Pallavi
Ali Altalbe
R. Prasanna Kumar
author_facet Gundala Pallavi
Ali Altalbe
R. Prasanna Kumar
author_sort Gundala Pallavi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Drug-target interaction (DTI) prediction is a critical task in computational drug discovery, enabling drug repurposing, precise medicine, and large-scale virtual screening. Traditional in-silico methods, such as molecular docking, classical machine learning, and deep learning, have made significant progress in addressing this issue. However, existing approaches are hindered by computational inefficiencies, reliance on manual feature engineering, and struggles to generalize across diverse molecular structures, limiting their molecular capabilities. Recent advancements in Quantum Machine Learning (QML) are paving the way for its practical applications, unlocking unprecedented capabilities in predictive accuracy, scalability, and efficiency by leveraging the unique powers of quantum computing, namely superposition and entanglement. This study proposes QKDTI - Quantum Kernel Drug-Target Interaction, a novel quantum-enhanced framework for DTI prediction. It used Quantum Support Vector Regression (QSVR) with quantum feature mapping that takes into account a quantum feature space for molecular descriptors and allows encoding molecular and protein features, improved predictions of binding affinities. To enhance the model to be more computationally feasible, integration of the Nystrom approximation into the model allows providing an efficient kernel approximation while reducing overhead expenses. QKDTI was evaluated on benchmark datasets - Davis and KIBA, and validated independently on BindingDB. This model achieves 94.21% accuracy on DAVIS, 99.99% on KIBA, and 89.26% on BindingDB, significantly outperforming classical and other quantum models. Further, the statistical tests have been conducted on the compared models to provide the reliability of the results. This indicates that introducing quantum computing into DTI pipeline can revolutionize computational drug discovery by improving predictive accuracy and providing a better generalization over multiple datasets.
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spelling doaj-art-4ebc3dc3cc0044f7b585d2cd7a06c51d2025-08-20T04:02:45ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111910.1038/s41598-025-07303-zQKDTI A quantum kernel based machine learning model for drug target interaction predictionGundala Pallavi0Ali Altalbe1R. Prasanna Kumar2Amrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamFaculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz UniversityAmrita School of Computing, Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamAbstract Drug-target interaction (DTI) prediction is a critical task in computational drug discovery, enabling drug repurposing, precise medicine, and large-scale virtual screening. Traditional in-silico methods, such as molecular docking, classical machine learning, and deep learning, have made significant progress in addressing this issue. However, existing approaches are hindered by computational inefficiencies, reliance on manual feature engineering, and struggles to generalize across diverse molecular structures, limiting their molecular capabilities. Recent advancements in Quantum Machine Learning (QML) are paving the way for its practical applications, unlocking unprecedented capabilities in predictive accuracy, scalability, and efficiency by leveraging the unique powers of quantum computing, namely superposition and entanglement. This study proposes QKDTI - Quantum Kernel Drug-Target Interaction, a novel quantum-enhanced framework for DTI prediction. It used Quantum Support Vector Regression (QSVR) with quantum feature mapping that takes into account a quantum feature space for molecular descriptors and allows encoding molecular and protein features, improved predictions of binding affinities. To enhance the model to be more computationally feasible, integration of the Nystrom approximation into the model allows providing an efficient kernel approximation while reducing overhead expenses. QKDTI was evaluated on benchmark datasets - Davis and KIBA, and validated independently on BindingDB. This model achieves 94.21% accuracy on DAVIS, 99.99% on KIBA, and 89.26% on BindingDB, significantly outperforming classical and other quantum models. Further, the statistical tests have been conducted on the compared models to provide the reliability of the results. This indicates that introducing quantum computing into DTI pipeline can revolutionize computational drug discovery by improving predictive accuracy and providing a better generalization over multiple datasets.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07303-zDrug–Target interactionQuantum kernelComputational drug discoveryQuantum mappingQuantum machine learning
spellingShingle Gundala Pallavi
Ali Altalbe
R. Prasanna Kumar
QKDTI A quantum kernel based machine learning model for drug target interaction prediction
Scientific Reports
Drug–Target interaction
Quantum kernel
Computational drug discovery
Quantum mapping
Quantum machine learning
title QKDTI A quantum kernel based machine learning model for drug target interaction prediction
title_full QKDTI A quantum kernel based machine learning model for drug target interaction prediction
title_fullStr QKDTI A quantum kernel based machine learning model for drug target interaction prediction
title_full_unstemmed QKDTI A quantum kernel based machine learning model for drug target interaction prediction
title_short QKDTI A quantum kernel based machine learning model for drug target interaction prediction
title_sort qkdti a quantum kernel based machine learning model for drug target interaction prediction
topic Drug–Target interaction
Quantum kernel
Computational drug discovery
Quantum mapping
Quantum machine learning
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-07303-z
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AT rprasannakumar qkdtiaquantumkernelbasedmachinelearningmodelfordrugtargetinteractionprediction