Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease using Explainable Machine Learning and Mathematical Models

Purpose: This study proposes a novel approach combining mathematical modeling and machine learning (ML) to classify four Alzheimer’s disease (AD) stages from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Methodology: We first mapped each MRI pixel value matrix to a 2 × 2 matrix, using the techniques of fo...

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Main Authors: Krishna Mahapatra, R. Selvakumar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Medical Physics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jmp.jmp_128_24
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author Krishna Mahapatra
R. Selvakumar
author_facet Krishna Mahapatra
R. Selvakumar
author_sort Krishna Mahapatra
collection DOAJ
description Purpose: This study proposes a novel approach combining mathematical modeling and machine learning (ML) to classify four Alzheimer’s disease (AD) stages from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Methodology: We first mapped each MRI pixel value matrix to a 2 × 2 matrix, using the techniques of forming a moment of inertia (MI) tensor, commonly used in physics to measure the mass distribution. Using the properties of the obtained inertia tensor and their eigenvalues, along with ML techniques, we classify the different stages of AD. Results: In this study, we have compared the performance of an intuitive mathematical model integrated with a machine learning approach across various ML models. Among them, the Gaussian Naïve Bayes classifier achieves the highest accuracy of 95.45%. Conclusions: Beyond improved accuracy, our method offers potential for computational efficiency due to dimensionality reduction and provides novel physical insights into AD through inertia tensor analysis.
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publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
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series Journal of Medical Physics
spelling doaj-art-4ebc3669b1b3481b96d19ae6525866eb2025-08-20T03:03:40ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Medical Physics0971-62031998-39132025-01-0150113113910.4103/jmp.jmp_128_24Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease using Explainable Machine Learning and Mathematical ModelsKrishna MahapatraR. SelvakumarPurpose: This study proposes a novel approach combining mathematical modeling and machine learning (ML) to classify four Alzheimer’s disease (AD) stages from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Methodology: We first mapped each MRI pixel value matrix to a 2 × 2 matrix, using the techniques of forming a moment of inertia (MI) tensor, commonly used in physics to measure the mass distribution. Using the properties of the obtained inertia tensor and their eigenvalues, along with ML techniques, we classify the different stages of AD. Results: In this study, we have compared the performance of an intuitive mathematical model integrated with a machine learning approach across various ML models. Among them, the Gaussian Naïve Bayes classifier achieves the highest accuracy of 95.45%. Conclusions: Beyond improved accuracy, our method offers potential for computational efficiency due to dimensionality reduction and provides novel physical insights into AD through inertia tensor analysis.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jmp.jmp_128_24alzheimer’s diseasedimensionality reductionmachine learningmagnetic resonance imagingmathematical modelingmoment of inertia tensorprincipal component analysis
spellingShingle Krishna Mahapatra
R. Selvakumar
Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease using Explainable Machine Learning and Mathematical Models
Journal of Medical Physics
alzheimer’s disease
dimensionality reduction
machine learning
magnetic resonance imaging
mathematical modeling
moment of inertia tensor
principal component analysis
title Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease using Explainable Machine Learning and Mathematical Models
title_full Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease using Explainable Machine Learning and Mathematical Models
title_fullStr Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease using Explainable Machine Learning and Mathematical Models
title_full_unstemmed Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease using Explainable Machine Learning and Mathematical Models
title_short Detection of Alzheimer’s Disease using Explainable Machine Learning and Mathematical Models
title_sort detection of alzheimer s disease using explainable machine learning and mathematical models
topic alzheimer’s disease
dimensionality reduction
machine learning
magnetic resonance imaging
mathematical modeling
moment of inertia tensor
principal component analysis
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jmp.jmp_128_24
work_keys_str_mv AT krishnamahapatra detectionofalzheimersdiseaseusingexplainablemachinelearningandmathematicalmodels
AT rselvakumar detectionofalzheimersdiseaseusingexplainablemachinelearningandmathematicalmodels