Variations in the magnetic declination at mid-latitude European stations during the Carrington-like event on 29 October 2003

<p>Based on the declination observed at mid-latitude European stations (geomagnetic latitudes 34–58° N), we studied the current system that is a candidate for the cause of the sharp drop in horizontal intensity (<span class="inline-formula"><i>H</i></span>) of...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: F. Valach, M. Váczyová, E. Koči
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Copernicus Publications 2025-08-01
Series:Annales Geophysicae
Online Access:https://angeo.copernicus.org/articles/43/441/2025/angeo-43-441-2025.pdf
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Summary:<p>Based on the declination observed at mid-latitude European stations (geomagnetic latitudes 34–58° N), we studied the current system that is a candidate for the cause of the sharp drop in horizontal intensity (<span class="inline-formula"><i>H</i></span>) of the geomagnetic field that occurred in that part of the globe at <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 09:00 MLT (magnetic local time) on 29 October 2003. The newest knowledge says that the current system consisted of a pair of field-aligned currents (FACs) forming a dayside current wedge: in the early afternoon sector, it was a stationary upward FAC, and in the dawn sector, it was a westward-moving downward FAC. Simultaneously with the drop in <span class="inline-formula"><i>H</i></span>, the current wedge caused a sine-like profile in declination observed at the mid-latitude European stations. By studying this profile at individual observatories, we found a velocity of <span class="inline-formula">−1.08</span>° min<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> <span class="inline-formula">±</span> <span class="inline-formula">0.38</span>° min<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> for the wedge centre, roughly half the velocity of the westward-moving downward FAC. Our results contribute to arguments that the dayside current wedge was the probable cause of the <span class="inline-formula"><i>H</i></span> drop on 29 October 2003.</p>
ISSN:0992-7689
1432-0576