Integrated xenosurveillance of Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Mansonella perstans and Plasmodium falciparum using mosquito carcasses and faeces: A pilot study in Cameroon.
<h4>Background</h4>Community presence of loiasis must be determined before mass drug administration programmes for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis can be implemented. However, taking human blood samples for loiasis surveillance is invasive and operationally challenging. A xenosur...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2022-11-01
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| Series: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010868&type=printable |
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| author | Joseph Pryce Nils Pilotte Benjamin Menze Allison R Sirois Michael Zulch Jean Pierre Agbor Steven A Williams Charles S Wondji Lisa Reimer |
| author_facet | Joseph Pryce Nils Pilotte Benjamin Menze Allison R Sirois Michael Zulch Jean Pierre Agbor Steven A Williams Charles S Wondji Lisa Reimer |
| author_sort | Joseph Pryce |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Community presence of loiasis must be determined before mass drug administration programmes for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis can be implemented. However, taking human blood samples for loiasis surveillance is invasive and operationally challenging. A xenosurveillance approach based on the molecular screening of mosquitoes and their excreta/feces (E/F) for Loa loa DNA may provide a non-invasive method for detecting the community presence of loiasis.<h4>Methods</h4>We collected 770 wild mosquitoes during a pilot study in a known loiasis transmission area in Mbalmayo, Cameroon. Of these, 376 were preserved immediately while 394 were kept in pools to collect 36-hour E/F samples before processing. Carcasses and E/F were screened for L. loa DNA. To demonstrate this method's potential for integrated disease surveillance, the samples were further tested for Wuchereria bancrofti, Mansonella perstans, and Plasmodium falciparum.<h4>Results</h4>Despite limited sample numbers, L. loa DNA was detected in eight immediately-stored mosquitoes (2.13%; 95% CI 1.08 to 4.14), one carcass stored after providing E/F (0.25%; 95% CI 0.04 to 1.42), and three E/F samples (estimated prevalence 0.77%; 95% CI 0.15 to 2.23%). M. perstans and P. falciparum DNA were also detected in carcasses and E/F samples, while W. bancrofti DNA was detected in E/F. None of the carcasses positive for filarial worm DNA came from pools that provided a positive E/F sample, supporting the theory that, in incompetent vectors, ingested parasites undergo a rapid, complete expulsion in E/F.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Mosquito xenosurveillance may provide a useful tool for the surveillance of loiasis alongside other parasitic diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4eb3e7118f82433daa8e8b3a1fe0aa5c |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1935-2727 1935-2735 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-4eb3e7118f82433daa8e8b3a1fe0aa5c2025-08-20T03:25:16ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases1935-27271935-27352022-11-011611e001086810.1371/journal.pntd.0010868Integrated xenosurveillance of Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Mansonella perstans and Plasmodium falciparum using mosquito carcasses and faeces: A pilot study in Cameroon.Joseph PryceNils PilotteBenjamin MenzeAllison R SiroisMichael ZulchJean Pierre AgborSteven A WilliamsCharles S WondjiLisa Reimer<h4>Background</h4>Community presence of loiasis must be determined before mass drug administration programmes for lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis can be implemented. However, taking human blood samples for loiasis surveillance is invasive and operationally challenging. A xenosurveillance approach based on the molecular screening of mosquitoes and their excreta/feces (E/F) for Loa loa DNA may provide a non-invasive method for detecting the community presence of loiasis.<h4>Methods</h4>We collected 770 wild mosquitoes during a pilot study in a known loiasis transmission area in Mbalmayo, Cameroon. Of these, 376 were preserved immediately while 394 were kept in pools to collect 36-hour E/F samples before processing. Carcasses and E/F were screened for L. loa DNA. To demonstrate this method's potential for integrated disease surveillance, the samples were further tested for Wuchereria bancrofti, Mansonella perstans, and Plasmodium falciparum.<h4>Results</h4>Despite limited sample numbers, L. loa DNA was detected in eight immediately-stored mosquitoes (2.13%; 95% CI 1.08 to 4.14), one carcass stored after providing E/F (0.25%; 95% CI 0.04 to 1.42), and three E/F samples (estimated prevalence 0.77%; 95% CI 0.15 to 2.23%). M. perstans and P. falciparum DNA were also detected in carcasses and E/F samples, while W. bancrofti DNA was detected in E/F. None of the carcasses positive for filarial worm DNA came from pools that provided a positive E/F sample, supporting the theory that, in incompetent vectors, ingested parasites undergo a rapid, complete expulsion in E/F.<h4>Conclusions</h4>Mosquito xenosurveillance may provide a useful tool for the surveillance of loiasis alongside other parasitic diseases.https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010868&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Joseph Pryce Nils Pilotte Benjamin Menze Allison R Sirois Michael Zulch Jean Pierre Agbor Steven A Williams Charles S Wondji Lisa Reimer Integrated xenosurveillance of Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Mansonella perstans and Plasmodium falciparum using mosquito carcasses and faeces: A pilot study in Cameroon. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases |
| title | Integrated xenosurveillance of Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Mansonella perstans and Plasmodium falciparum using mosquito carcasses and faeces: A pilot study in Cameroon. |
| title_full | Integrated xenosurveillance of Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Mansonella perstans and Plasmodium falciparum using mosquito carcasses and faeces: A pilot study in Cameroon. |
| title_fullStr | Integrated xenosurveillance of Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Mansonella perstans and Plasmodium falciparum using mosquito carcasses and faeces: A pilot study in Cameroon. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrated xenosurveillance of Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Mansonella perstans and Plasmodium falciparum using mosquito carcasses and faeces: A pilot study in Cameroon. |
| title_short | Integrated xenosurveillance of Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Mansonella perstans and Plasmodium falciparum using mosquito carcasses and faeces: A pilot study in Cameroon. |
| title_sort | integrated xenosurveillance of loa loa wuchereria bancrofti mansonella perstans and plasmodium falciparum using mosquito carcasses and faeces a pilot study in cameroon |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0010868&type=printable |
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