In Vitro Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Viability and Secretory Activity of Resting Macrophages

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) covers a wide range of parameters in terms of laser properties and dosage, which is important for its effects. It is important to select safe, optimal irradiation conditions to obtain the desired therapeutic effect of LLLT on c...

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Main Authors: Aleksandra Matuła, Amelia Lizak, Ewa Stodolak-Zych, Aneta Bac, Joanna Homa, Beata Stenka, Anna Ścisłowska-Czarnecka
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/2/403
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author Aleksandra Matuła
Amelia Lizak
Ewa Stodolak-Zych
Aneta Bac
Joanna Homa
Beata Stenka
Anna Ścisłowska-Czarnecka
author_facet Aleksandra Matuła
Amelia Lizak
Ewa Stodolak-Zych
Aneta Bac
Joanna Homa
Beata Stenka
Anna Ścisłowska-Czarnecka
author_sort Aleksandra Matuła
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) covers a wide range of parameters in terms of laser properties and dosage, which is important for its effects. It is important to select safe, optimal irradiation conditions to obtain the desired therapeutic effect of LLLT on cells. This article is focused on the selection of favourable (biostimulating) exposure conditions for LLLT, which are the beam application method (continuous [C] or pulsed [P] laser beam), radiation power and LLLT dose, on the viability and secretory activity regarding resting macrophages of the RAW 264.7 cell line. <b>Methods</b>: RAW 264.7 macrophages were seeded on 24-well tissue culture. ASTAR PhysioGo 400C apparatus with a spot applicator generating electromagnetic radiation in the infrared light range of 808 nm and power of 100 mW and 200 mW was used for laser irradiation of macrophages. Cells were treated with different doses of constant radiation 5 J/cm<sup>2</sup>/well or 10 J/cm<sup>2</sup>/well. <b>Results</b>: It was shown that the most beneficial radiation parameters for cells were obtained with a pulsed laser beam of 200 mW power and a dose of 5 J/cm<sup>2</sup>, which caused an increase in macrophage adhesion and viability, as well as an increase in NO secretion by macrophages and their TOS, with a simultaneous decrease in the secretion of TNF-α, MCP-1 and MMP-9 by cells. <b>Conclusions</b>: The research results presented above indicate that the effect of LLLT on resting macrophages modulates their biological activity, and the intensity of photobiostimulation depends on the irradiation parameters, including wavelength, power, dose and method of laser beam application.
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issn 2227-9059
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spelling doaj-art-4eb192c6bc724cc785970cdceee4de272025-08-20T03:12:16ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-02-0113240310.3390/biomedicines13020403In Vitro Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Viability and Secretory Activity of Resting MacrophagesAleksandra Matuła0Amelia Lizak1Ewa Stodolak-Zych2Aneta Bac3Joanna Homa4Beata Stenka5Anna Ścisłowska-Czarnecka6Department of Applied Cosmetology, Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Physical Culture, 31-571 Kraków, PolandDepartment of Applied Cosmetology, Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Physical Culture, 31-571 Kraków, PolandFaculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, 30-059 Kraków, PolandDepartment of Applied Cosmetology, Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Physical Culture, 31-571 Kraków, PolandDepartment of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Kraków, PolandDepartment of Applied Cosmetology, University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-854 Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Applied Cosmetology, Institute of Applied Sciences, University of Physical Culture, 31-571 Kraków, Poland<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) covers a wide range of parameters in terms of laser properties and dosage, which is important for its effects. It is important to select safe, optimal irradiation conditions to obtain the desired therapeutic effect of LLLT on cells. This article is focused on the selection of favourable (biostimulating) exposure conditions for LLLT, which are the beam application method (continuous [C] or pulsed [P] laser beam), radiation power and LLLT dose, on the viability and secretory activity regarding resting macrophages of the RAW 264.7 cell line. <b>Methods</b>: RAW 264.7 macrophages were seeded on 24-well tissue culture. ASTAR PhysioGo 400C apparatus with a spot applicator generating electromagnetic radiation in the infrared light range of 808 nm and power of 100 mW and 200 mW was used for laser irradiation of macrophages. Cells were treated with different doses of constant radiation 5 J/cm<sup>2</sup>/well or 10 J/cm<sup>2</sup>/well. <b>Results</b>: It was shown that the most beneficial radiation parameters for cells were obtained with a pulsed laser beam of 200 mW power and a dose of 5 J/cm<sup>2</sup>, which caused an increase in macrophage adhesion and viability, as well as an increase in NO secretion by macrophages and their TOS, with a simultaneous decrease in the secretion of TNF-α, MCP-1 and MMP-9 by cells. <b>Conclusions</b>: The research results presented above indicate that the effect of LLLT on resting macrophages modulates their biological activity, and the intensity of photobiostimulation depends on the irradiation parameters, including wavelength, power, dose and method of laser beam application.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/2/403macrophagesLLLTphotobiostimulationviabilitysecretory activity
spellingShingle Aleksandra Matuła
Amelia Lizak
Ewa Stodolak-Zych
Aneta Bac
Joanna Homa
Beata Stenka
Anna Ścisłowska-Czarnecka
In Vitro Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Viability and Secretory Activity of Resting Macrophages
Biomedicines
macrophages
LLLT
photobiostimulation
viability
secretory activity
title In Vitro Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Viability and Secretory Activity of Resting Macrophages
title_full In Vitro Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Viability and Secretory Activity of Resting Macrophages
title_fullStr In Vitro Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Viability and Secretory Activity of Resting Macrophages
title_full_unstemmed In Vitro Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Viability and Secretory Activity of Resting Macrophages
title_short In Vitro Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Viability and Secretory Activity of Resting Macrophages
title_sort in vitro effects of low level laser therapy on the viability and secretory activity of resting macrophages
topic macrophages
LLLT
photobiostimulation
viability
secretory activity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/2/403
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