The reduction in locomotor activity induced by restraint stress in young male mice involves the downregulation of hippocampal serotonergic and dopaminergic markers

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic led to widespread restrictions on human activities, including limits on physical activity and public gatherings. In particular, the physical and mental effects of restricting childhood activities such as exercise and play urgently need to be elucidated. In t...

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Main Authors: Megumi Furukawa, Nobuo Izumo, Masahiro Toho, Ryoken Aoki, Hiroki Nishijima, Yusuke Nakamura, Yumi Sakai, Yukiko Ishibashi, Haruna Kurono, Takayuki Manabe, Hideo Matsuzaki
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:IBRO Neuroscience Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266724212500065X
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author Megumi Furukawa
Nobuo Izumo
Masahiro Toho
Ryoken Aoki
Hiroki Nishijima
Yusuke Nakamura
Yumi Sakai
Yukiko Ishibashi
Haruna Kurono
Takayuki Manabe
Hideo Matsuzaki
author_facet Megumi Furukawa
Nobuo Izumo
Masahiro Toho
Ryoken Aoki
Hiroki Nishijima
Yusuke Nakamura
Yumi Sakai
Yukiko Ishibashi
Haruna Kurono
Takayuki Manabe
Hideo Matsuzaki
author_sort Megumi Furukawa
collection DOAJ
description The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic led to widespread restrictions on human activities, including limits on physical activity and public gatherings. In particular, the physical and mental effects of restricting childhood activities such as exercise and play urgently need to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the effects of restraint stress on young (4-week-old) and adult (10-week-old) mice using behavioral experiments and gene expression analysis. Restraint stress did not cause a decrease in the expression of BDNF, a depression marker, in the hippocampus, suggesting that it may be a relatively mild form of stress. In young mice, restraint stress caused significant reductions in locomotor activity and sucrose preference. In contrast, in adult mice, no significant difference was observed in locomotor activity or sucrose preference. Increased expression of the XBP-1 gene might be involved in the resistance to endoplasmic reticulum stress and resilience to restraint stress in adult mice. Moreover, serotoninergic and dopaminergic markers were significantly downregulated in young mice exposed to restraint stress. These findings strongly suggest an increased vulnerability to stress during early childhood, which may substantially impact subsequent brain development in children.
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spelling doaj-art-4e845b77baa443d2ae7e97628a359b882025-08-20T03:20:56ZengElsevierIBRO Neuroscience Reports2667-24212025-06-011872673110.1016/j.ibneur.2025.04.017The reduction in locomotor activity induced by restraint stress in young male mice involves the downregulation of hippocampal serotonergic and dopaminergic markersMegumi Furukawa0Nobuo Izumo1Masahiro Toho2Ryoken Aoki3Hiroki Nishijima4Yusuke Nakamura5Yumi Sakai6Yukiko Ishibashi7Haruna Kurono8Takayuki Manabe9Hideo Matsuzaki10Department of Functional Brain Activities, United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, JapanLaboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan; General Health Medical Research Center, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan; Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, Japan.Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, JapanDepartment of Functional Brain Activities, United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Center for Pharmaceutical Education, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, JapanLaboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, JapanLaboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, JapanDepartment of Functional Brain Activities, United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; General Health Medical Research Center, Yokohama University of Pharmacy, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, JapanLaboratory of Drug Analysis, 601 Matano-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 245-0066, JapanLaboratory for Neuroanatomy and Neuropharmacology, Research Field of Basic Medicine, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Chukyogakuin University, 2216 Toki-cho, Mizunami, Gifu 509-6192, JapanDepartment of Functional Brain Activities, United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan; Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Neuropharmacology, Research Field of Basic Medicine, Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Chukyogakuin University, 2216 Toki-cho, Mizunami, Gifu 509-6192, Japan; Corresponding authors at: Department of Functional Brain Activities, United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan.Department of Functional Brain Activities, United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan; Research Center for Child Mental Development, University of Fukui, 23-3, Matsuokashimoaizuki, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1193, Japan; Corresponding authors at: Department of Functional Brain Activities, United Graduate School of Child Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Chiba University, and University of Fukui, Osaka, Japan.The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic led to widespread restrictions on human activities, including limits on physical activity and public gatherings. In particular, the physical and mental effects of restricting childhood activities such as exercise and play urgently need to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the effects of restraint stress on young (4-week-old) and adult (10-week-old) mice using behavioral experiments and gene expression analysis. Restraint stress did not cause a decrease in the expression of BDNF, a depression marker, in the hippocampus, suggesting that it may be a relatively mild form of stress. In young mice, restraint stress caused significant reductions in locomotor activity and sucrose preference. In contrast, in adult mice, no significant difference was observed in locomotor activity or sucrose preference. Increased expression of the XBP-1 gene might be involved in the resistance to endoplasmic reticulum stress and resilience to restraint stress in adult mice. Moreover, serotoninergic and dopaminergic markers were significantly downregulated in young mice exposed to restraint stress. These findings strongly suggest an increased vulnerability to stress during early childhood, which may substantially impact subsequent brain development in children.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266724212500065XRestraint stressLocomotor activitySucrose preference testHippocampusSerotoninCatecholamine
spellingShingle Megumi Furukawa
Nobuo Izumo
Masahiro Toho
Ryoken Aoki
Hiroki Nishijima
Yusuke Nakamura
Yumi Sakai
Yukiko Ishibashi
Haruna Kurono
Takayuki Manabe
Hideo Matsuzaki
The reduction in locomotor activity induced by restraint stress in young male mice involves the downregulation of hippocampal serotonergic and dopaminergic markers
IBRO Neuroscience Reports
Restraint stress
Locomotor activity
Sucrose preference test
Hippocampus
Serotonin
Catecholamine
title The reduction in locomotor activity induced by restraint stress in young male mice involves the downregulation of hippocampal serotonergic and dopaminergic markers
title_full The reduction in locomotor activity induced by restraint stress in young male mice involves the downregulation of hippocampal serotonergic and dopaminergic markers
title_fullStr The reduction in locomotor activity induced by restraint stress in young male mice involves the downregulation of hippocampal serotonergic and dopaminergic markers
title_full_unstemmed The reduction in locomotor activity induced by restraint stress in young male mice involves the downregulation of hippocampal serotonergic and dopaminergic markers
title_short The reduction in locomotor activity induced by restraint stress in young male mice involves the downregulation of hippocampal serotonergic and dopaminergic markers
title_sort reduction in locomotor activity induced by restraint stress in young male mice involves the downregulation of hippocampal serotonergic and dopaminergic markers
topic Restraint stress
Locomotor activity
Sucrose preference test
Hippocampus
Serotonin
Catecholamine
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266724212500065X
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