A graphene/H-BN van der Waals heterostructure enabling superior (>30 dB) electrical tuning in terahertz devices

Abstract Effective control of terahertz radiation is vital for next-generation wireless communication and sensing. However, achieving efficient tuning of the polarisation, amplitude, and phase of terahertz radiation remains challenging. Here, a device using graphene and hexagonal-Boron Nitride demon...

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Main Authors: A. D. Squires, L.-Z. Song, S. Kuriakose, J. Du, T. van der Laan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:npj 2D Materials and Applications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-025-00598-6
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author A. D. Squires
L.-Z. Song
S. Kuriakose
J. Du
T. van der Laan
author_facet A. D. Squires
L.-Z. Song
S. Kuriakose
J. Du
T. van der Laan
author_sort A. D. Squires
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Effective control of terahertz radiation is vital for next-generation wireless communication and sensing. However, achieving efficient tuning of the polarisation, amplitude, and phase of terahertz radiation remains challenging. Here, a device using graphene and hexagonal-Boron Nitride demonstrates superior electrical tuning at Terahertz frequencies. The heterostructure device achieves over 30 dB tuning across a 0.2–1.4 THz range with a practical bias of 24 V, outperforming an equivalent graphene-only device by 20 dB. A highly tunable metamaterial terahertz polarisation converter operating at 0.245 THz is produced using this structure. Benchmark tuning of beam ellipticity (0.73) and rotation angle (42o) is achieved at just 15 V, exceeding graphene or complex ionic gel-based devices. This confirms that the heterostructure device tuning can be practically applied to complex devices. The concept of the 2D material heterostructure presented here is adaptable to a plethora of tuneable terahertz devices, opening opportunities for next-generation wireless communications and sensing systems.
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issn 2397-7132
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publisher Nature Portfolio
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series npj 2D Materials and Applications
spelling doaj-art-4e6f2937b15d4a45bddb031626e29cdf2025-08-24T11:32:44ZengNature Portfolionpj 2D Materials and Applications2397-71322025-08-01911810.1038/s41699-025-00598-6A graphene/H-BN van der Waals heterostructure enabling superior (>30 dB) electrical tuning in terahertz devicesA. D. Squires0L.-Z. Song1S. Kuriakose2J. Du3T. van der Laan4CSIRO ManufacturingGlobal Big Data Technologies Centre, University of Technology Sydney (UTS)CSIRO ManufacturingCSIRO ManufacturingCSIRO ManufacturingAbstract Effective control of terahertz radiation is vital for next-generation wireless communication and sensing. However, achieving efficient tuning of the polarisation, amplitude, and phase of terahertz radiation remains challenging. Here, a device using graphene and hexagonal-Boron Nitride demonstrates superior electrical tuning at Terahertz frequencies. The heterostructure device achieves over 30 dB tuning across a 0.2–1.4 THz range with a practical bias of 24 V, outperforming an equivalent graphene-only device by 20 dB. A highly tunable metamaterial terahertz polarisation converter operating at 0.245 THz is produced using this structure. Benchmark tuning of beam ellipticity (0.73) and rotation angle (42o) is achieved at just 15 V, exceeding graphene or complex ionic gel-based devices. This confirms that the heterostructure device tuning can be practically applied to complex devices. The concept of the 2D material heterostructure presented here is adaptable to a plethora of tuneable terahertz devices, opening opportunities for next-generation wireless communications and sensing systems.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-025-00598-6
spellingShingle A. D. Squires
L.-Z. Song
S. Kuriakose
J. Du
T. van der Laan
A graphene/H-BN van der Waals heterostructure enabling superior (>30 dB) electrical tuning in terahertz devices
npj 2D Materials and Applications
title A graphene/H-BN van der Waals heterostructure enabling superior (>30 dB) electrical tuning in terahertz devices
title_full A graphene/H-BN van der Waals heterostructure enabling superior (>30 dB) electrical tuning in terahertz devices
title_fullStr A graphene/H-BN van der Waals heterostructure enabling superior (>30 dB) electrical tuning in terahertz devices
title_full_unstemmed A graphene/H-BN van der Waals heterostructure enabling superior (>30 dB) electrical tuning in terahertz devices
title_short A graphene/H-BN van der Waals heterostructure enabling superior (>30 dB) electrical tuning in terahertz devices
title_sort graphene h bn van der waals heterostructure enabling superior 30 db electrical tuning in terahertz devices
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41699-025-00598-6
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