Influence of solar extreme ultraviolet radiations on artificial very-low-frequency waves in near-earth space

Abstract Ground-based very low frequency (VLF) transmitter waves (3 – 30 kHz) can cause the precipitation loss of high-energy electrons in Earth’s radiation belts. Although the propagation and attenuation of aabrtificial VLF waves have been studied for more than half a century, it is not clear wheth...

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Main Authors: K. X. Cheng, L. Y. Li, L. Yang, J. B. Cao, J. Yu, S. F. Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14293-5
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author K. X. Cheng
L. Y. Li
L. Yang
J. B. Cao
J. Yu
S. F. Zhao
author_facet K. X. Cheng
L. Y. Li
L. Yang
J. B. Cao
J. Yu
S. F. Zhao
author_sort K. X. Cheng
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Ground-based very low frequency (VLF) transmitter waves (3 – 30 kHz) can cause the precipitation loss of high-energy electrons in Earth’s radiation belts. Although the propagation and attenuation of aabrtificial VLF waves have been studied for more than half a century, it is not clear whether solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiations can modify the VLF wave intensity in inner radiation belt and slot region (L ~ 1.1 – 3RE). Here, by analyzing satellite observations and quantitative calculations, we find that the enhanced solar EUV radiations cause global attenuation of the artificial VLF waves radiated from low-latitude transmitters (λ < 44.2° or L < 1.8 RE), whereas those waves radiated from middle-latitude transmitters (λ > 44.2° or L > 1.8 RE) weaken slightly around noon. Under high solar EUV radiations, the large attenuation of artificial VLF waves in the low L region is due to enhanced collisional damping of ionospheric plasmas at low latitudes.
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institution Kabale University
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series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-4e68061fbcd347d5b44f6e02f12fe5332025-08-20T04:02:45ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115111410.1038/s41598-025-14293-5Influence of solar extreme ultraviolet radiations on artificial very-low-frequency waves in near-earth spaceK. X. Cheng0L. Y. Li1L. Yang2J. B. Cao3J. Yu4S. F. Zhao5School of Space and Earth Sciences, Beihang UniversitySchool of Space and Earth Sciences, Beihang UniversitySchool of Space and Earth Sciences, Beihang UniversitySchool of Space and Earth Sciences, Beihang UniversityPlanetary Environmental Astrobiological Research Laboratory (PEARL), School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityState Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract Ground-based very low frequency (VLF) transmitter waves (3 – 30 kHz) can cause the precipitation loss of high-energy electrons in Earth’s radiation belts. Although the propagation and attenuation of aabrtificial VLF waves have been studied for more than half a century, it is not clear whether solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiations can modify the VLF wave intensity in inner radiation belt and slot region (L ~ 1.1 – 3RE). Here, by analyzing satellite observations and quantitative calculations, we find that the enhanced solar EUV radiations cause global attenuation of the artificial VLF waves radiated from low-latitude transmitters (λ < 44.2° or L < 1.8 RE), whereas those waves radiated from middle-latitude transmitters (λ > 44.2° or L > 1.8 RE) weaken slightly around noon. Under high solar EUV radiations, the large attenuation of artificial VLF waves in the low L region is due to enhanced collisional damping of ionospheric plasmas at low latitudes.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14293-5
spellingShingle K. X. Cheng
L. Y. Li
L. Yang
J. B. Cao
J. Yu
S. F. Zhao
Influence of solar extreme ultraviolet radiations on artificial very-low-frequency waves in near-earth space
Scientific Reports
title Influence of solar extreme ultraviolet radiations on artificial very-low-frequency waves in near-earth space
title_full Influence of solar extreme ultraviolet radiations on artificial very-low-frequency waves in near-earth space
title_fullStr Influence of solar extreme ultraviolet radiations on artificial very-low-frequency waves in near-earth space
title_full_unstemmed Influence of solar extreme ultraviolet radiations on artificial very-low-frequency waves in near-earth space
title_short Influence of solar extreme ultraviolet radiations on artificial very-low-frequency waves in near-earth space
title_sort influence of solar extreme ultraviolet radiations on artificial very low frequency waves in near earth space
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14293-5
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