Territorial obstacles causing early school dropout in Morocco: Multivariate spatial analysis
Early school dropout rates in Morocco exhibit widespread spatial imbalances leading to adverse consequences. Indeed, there is thus a pressing need to investigate the factors contributing to the phenomenon. To this end, this study conducts a multivariate spatial analysis of 75 provinces in Morocco. I...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024174178 |
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| author | Aomar Ibourk Soukaina Raoui |
| author_facet | Aomar Ibourk Soukaina Raoui |
| author_sort | Aomar Ibourk |
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| description | Early school dropout rates in Morocco exhibit widespread spatial imbalances leading to adverse consequences. Indeed, there is thus a pressing need to investigate the factors contributing to the phenomenon. To this end, this study conducts a multivariate spatial analysis of 75 provinces in Morocco. It uses 100 variables to explain dropout rates across ten territorial components (TC): demography and household structure (TC1), cultural and linguistic variety (TC2), poverty and living conditions (TC3), labor market (TC4), type of housing (TC5), living environment (TC6), school graduate (TC7), social programs (TC8), preschool education (TC9), and primary and middle school supply (TC10). By exploring a multivariate spatial approach, this study bridges the gap in the mainstream literature on some individual factors on school dropout using a spatial measurement approach to identify particular spatial variables. The findings highlight significant variables related to household size over populated households with a polygamous structure (TC1), a widowed marital status, especially for women less autonomous (TC1), ethnocultural and linguistic issues via a local population less fluent in foreign languages (TC2) and illiterate (TC7). The poverty, isolation, and remoteness of certain predominantly rural provinces (TC5) remain less connected to elementary services such as drinking water and the internet (TC6). In particular, in the labor market component, there is a pull effect to school dropout decisions from low-skilled job prospects (TC3) and (TC4). Finally, preschooling has an impact on the foundation of human capital at an early age (TC9) as well as on the supply and type of schools (Satelite), which remains a proximity model for the retention of young children, especially girls (TC10). After identifying at-risk provinces, we observed that the school dropout process has a multifactorial, correlative, and cumulative nature. The territorial targeting must move towards multidimensional corrections by multi-actors from the territorial ecosystem. Positive discrimination should target at-risk provinces based on the gaps identified in each territorial component studied. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4e64c3ed03954b76aafb7902ff5eac65 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| spelling | doaj-art-4e64c3ed03954b76aafb7902ff5eac652025-08-20T03:00:54ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402025-01-01111e4138610.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41386Territorial obstacles causing early school dropout in Morocco: Multivariate spatial analysisAomar Ibourk0Soukaina Raoui1Laboratory of Social and Solidarity Economy Governance and Development (LARESSGD), Department of Economics, Faculty of Law Economics and Social Sciences, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; Africa Institute for Research in Economics and Social Sciences (AIRESS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Rabat, Morocco; Policy Center for the New South, Rabat, MoroccoLaboratory of Social and Solidarity Economy Governance and Development (LARESSGD), Department of Economics, Faculty of Law Economics and Social Sciences, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco; Corresponding author.Early school dropout rates in Morocco exhibit widespread spatial imbalances leading to adverse consequences. Indeed, there is thus a pressing need to investigate the factors contributing to the phenomenon. To this end, this study conducts a multivariate spatial analysis of 75 provinces in Morocco. It uses 100 variables to explain dropout rates across ten territorial components (TC): demography and household structure (TC1), cultural and linguistic variety (TC2), poverty and living conditions (TC3), labor market (TC4), type of housing (TC5), living environment (TC6), school graduate (TC7), social programs (TC8), preschool education (TC9), and primary and middle school supply (TC10). By exploring a multivariate spatial approach, this study bridges the gap in the mainstream literature on some individual factors on school dropout using a spatial measurement approach to identify particular spatial variables. The findings highlight significant variables related to household size over populated households with a polygamous structure (TC1), a widowed marital status, especially for women less autonomous (TC1), ethnocultural and linguistic issues via a local population less fluent in foreign languages (TC2) and illiterate (TC7). The poverty, isolation, and remoteness of certain predominantly rural provinces (TC5) remain less connected to elementary services such as drinking water and the internet (TC6). In particular, in the labor market component, there is a pull effect to school dropout decisions from low-skilled job prospects (TC3) and (TC4). Finally, preschooling has an impact on the foundation of human capital at an early age (TC9) as well as on the supply and type of schools (Satelite), which remains a proximity model for the retention of young children, especially girls (TC10). After identifying at-risk provinces, we observed that the school dropout process has a multifactorial, correlative, and cumulative nature. The territorial targeting must move towards multidimensional corrections by multi-actors from the territorial ecosystem. Positive discrimination should target at-risk provinces based on the gaps identified in each territorial component studied.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024174178MoroccoSchool dropout ratesSpatial analysisTerritorial disparities |
| spellingShingle | Aomar Ibourk Soukaina Raoui Territorial obstacles causing early school dropout in Morocco: Multivariate spatial analysis Heliyon Morocco School dropout rates Spatial analysis Territorial disparities |
| title | Territorial obstacles causing early school dropout in Morocco: Multivariate spatial analysis |
| title_full | Territorial obstacles causing early school dropout in Morocco: Multivariate spatial analysis |
| title_fullStr | Territorial obstacles causing early school dropout in Morocco: Multivariate spatial analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Territorial obstacles causing early school dropout in Morocco: Multivariate spatial analysis |
| title_short | Territorial obstacles causing early school dropout in Morocco: Multivariate spatial analysis |
| title_sort | territorial obstacles causing early school dropout in morocco multivariate spatial analysis |
| topic | Morocco School dropout rates Spatial analysis Territorial disparities |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024174178 |
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