Ferrocene Derivatives as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
Ferrocene is an organometallic compound that has attracted considerable scientific interest due to its unique properties, including low toxicity, excellent stability in aqueous and aerobic media, and high lipophilicity, which enhances membrane permeability. The ferrocene moiety has been effectively...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Rostislava Angelova Georgi Stavrakov |
| author_facet | Rostislava Angelova Georgi Stavrakov |
| author_sort | Rostislava Angelova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ferrocene is an organometallic compound that has attracted considerable scientific interest due to its unique properties, including low toxicity, excellent stability in aqueous and aerobic media, and high lipophilicity, which enhances membrane permeability. The ferrocene moiety has been effectively used as a bioisostere of phenyl rings and heteroaromatic groups in the structures of approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). HDACis exert their cytotoxic effects by blocking cyclin/CDK complexes, causing cell cycle arrest, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis, and through non-histone-directed mechanisms. This mini-review summarizes the synthesis and biological evaluation of small libraries of compounds in which a ferrocenyl moiety is incorporated into the structure of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and a number of analogues. The influence of the organometallic function on the antiproliferative effect is investigated. Both docking analysis and in vitro studies confirm that the ferrocenyl-modified HDACis exhibit potent cytotoxicity and strong inhibitory activity against the various enzyme isoforms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4e5844fdb7274812920ebef34481d055 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2673-401X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Organics |
| spelling | doaj-art-4e5844fdb7274812920ebef34481d0552025-08-20T03:43:40ZengMDPI AGOrganics2673-401X2025-01-0161410.3390/org6010004Ferrocene Derivatives as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Synthesis and Biological EvaluationRostislava Angelova0Georgi Stavrakov1Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, BulgariaFaculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, BulgariaFerrocene is an organometallic compound that has attracted considerable scientific interest due to its unique properties, including low toxicity, excellent stability in aqueous and aerobic media, and high lipophilicity, which enhances membrane permeability. The ferrocene moiety has been effectively used as a bioisostere of phenyl rings and heteroaromatic groups in the structures of approved tyrosine kinase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis). HDACis exert their cytotoxic effects by blocking cyclin/CDK complexes, causing cell cycle arrest, inducing apoptosis, inhibiting angiogenesis, and through non-histone-directed mechanisms. This mini-review summarizes the synthesis and biological evaluation of small libraries of compounds in which a ferrocenyl moiety is incorporated into the structure of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) and a number of analogues. The influence of the organometallic function on the antiproliferative effect is investigated. Both docking analysis and in vitro studies confirm that the ferrocenyl-modified HDACis exhibit potent cytotoxicity and strong inhibitory activity against the various enzyme isoforms.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-401X/6/1/4ferroceneHDACSAHAbioorganometalliccancer |
| spellingShingle | Rostislava Angelova Georgi Stavrakov Ferrocene Derivatives as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation Organics ferrocene HDAC SAHA bioorganometallic cancer |
| title | Ferrocene Derivatives as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation |
| title_full | Ferrocene Derivatives as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation |
| title_fullStr | Ferrocene Derivatives as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ferrocene Derivatives as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation |
| title_short | Ferrocene Derivatives as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation |
| title_sort | ferrocene derivatives as histone deacetylase inhibitors synthesis and biological evaluation |
| topic | ferrocene HDAC SAHA bioorganometallic cancer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-401X/6/1/4 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rostislavaangelova ferrocenederivativesashistonedeacetylaseinhibitorssynthesisandbiologicalevaluation AT georgistavrakov ferrocenederivativesashistonedeacetylaseinhibitorssynthesisandbiologicalevaluation |