Nutritional and microbiological dynamics in the preparation of prahoc fish paste.

Prahoc is a traditional fermented fish widely consumed in Cambodia. Nevertheless, the processing and nutritional values of this daily-consumed product were poorly described. This study offers a detailed analysis of the biochemistry, nutritional composition, and microbiota during the six-month Prahoc...

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Main Authors: Channmuny Thanh, Sylvie Avallone, Vincent Chochois, Caroline Douny, Kevin Bethune, Hasika Mith, Chanthol Peng, Adrien Servent, Ingrid Collombel
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321834
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author Channmuny Thanh
Sylvie Avallone
Vincent Chochois
Caroline Douny
Kevin Bethune
Hasika Mith
Chanthol Peng
Adrien Servent
Ingrid Collombel
author_facet Channmuny Thanh
Sylvie Avallone
Vincent Chochois
Caroline Douny
Kevin Bethune
Hasika Mith
Chanthol Peng
Adrien Servent
Ingrid Collombel
author_sort Channmuny Thanh
collection DOAJ
description Prahoc is a traditional fermented fish widely consumed in Cambodia. Nevertheless, the processing and nutritional values of this daily-consumed product were poorly described. This study offers a detailed analysis of the biochemistry, nutritional composition, and microbiota during the six-month Prahoc incubation. Macronutrients (e.g. lipids, proteins) are rather well preserved during the preparation of the fish paste but the fatty acid and amino acid profiles are slightly modified at the end of the unit operation. Free amino acids increased, which facilitates the in vitro digestibility of the final paste, while beneficial fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, decreased. At the end of the process, the peroxide value was nearly five times greater than the limit set by the Codex Alimentarius (10 meq O2/kg). Biogenic amines, particularly cadaverine, were present but remained within acceptable limits. Metabarcoding analysis revealed that salt-tolerant bacteria dominated the fermentation process, while fungal activity was minimal. Lactic acid bacteria, such as Vagococcus and Streptococcus, were predominant before salt addition, while the fish pathogen Aeromonas established itself immediately after. Clostridium remained steady throughout, and Lentibacillus became dominant after six months. Food safety concerns related to biogenic amines, peroxides, and Clostridium highlight the need for establishing standard operational practices among national processors to mitigate food risks.
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spelling doaj-art-4e56b9e34b374697ba8499f3f3a017d32025-08-20T02:20:09ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01204e032183410.1371/journal.pone.0321834Nutritional and microbiological dynamics in the preparation of prahoc fish paste.Channmuny ThanhSylvie AvalloneVincent ChochoisCaroline DounyKevin BethuneHasika MithChanthol PengAdrien ServentIngrid CollombelPrahoc is a traditional fermented fish widely consumed in Cambodia. Nevertheless, the processing and nutritional values of this daily-consumed product were poorly described. This study offers a detailed analysis of the biochemistry, nutritional composition, and microbiota during the six-month Prahoc incubation. Macronutrients (e.g. lipids, proteins) are rather well preserved during the preparation of the fish paste but the fatty acid and amino acid profiles are slightly modified at the end of the unit operation. Free amino acids increased, which facilitates the in vitro digestibility of the final paste, while beneficial fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids, decreased. At the end of the process, the peroxide value was nearly five times greater than the limit set by the Codex Alimentarius (10 meq O2/kg). Biogenic amines, particularly cadaverine, were present but remained within acceptable limits. Metabarcoding analysis revealed that salt-tolerant bacteria dominated the fermentation process, while fungal activity was minimal. Lactic acid bacteria, such as Vagococcus and Streptococcus, were predominant before salt addition, while the fish pathogen Aeromonas established itself immediately after. Clostridium remained steady throughout, and Lentibacillus became dominant after six months. Food safety concerns related to biogenic amines, peroxides, and Clostridium highlight the need for establishing standard operational practices among national processors to mitigate food risks.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321834
spellingShingle Channmuny Thanh
Sylvie Avallone
Vincent Chochois
Caroline Douny
Kevin Bethune
Hasika Mith
Chanthol Peng
Adrien Servent
Ingrid Collombel
Nutritional and microbiological dynamics in the preparation of prahoc fish paste.
PLoS ONE
title Nutritional and microbiological dynamics in the preparation of prahoc fish paste.
title_full Nutritional and microbiological dynamics in the preparation of prahoc fish paste.
title_fullStr Nutritional and microbiological dynamics in the preparation of prahoc fish paste.
title_full_unstemmed Nutritional and microbiological dynamics in the preparation of prahoc fish paste.
title_short Nutritional and microbiological dynamics in the preparation of prahoc fish paste.
title_sort nutritional and microbiological dynamics in the preparation of prahoc fish paste
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0321834
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