Disruption of Drought Teleconnections Between ENSO‐Influenced Regions Around 1700 CE

Abstract Our understanding of pre‐modern El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability is reliant on proxy records, often distant from the center of ENSO activity in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Here, we assess the relationship between reconstructed soil moisture in four distant ENSO‐influenced r...

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Main Authors: Max C. A. Torbenson, David W. Stahle, Edward R. Cook, Benjamin I. Cook, Ulf Büntgen, Feng Chen, Ernesto Tejedor, James H. Stagge, Miroslav Trnka, Dorian J. Burnette, Weipeng Yue, Jan Esper
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-07-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115600
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author Max C. A. Torbenson
David W. Stahle
Edward R. Cook
Benjamin I. Cook
Ulf Büntgen
Feng Chen
Ernesto Tejedor
James H. Stagge
Miroslav Trnka
Dorian J. Burnette
Weipeng Yue
Jan Esper
author_facet Max C. A. Torbenson
David W. Stahle
Edward R. Cook
Benjamin I. Cook
Ulf Büntgen
Feng Chen
Ernesto Tejedor
James H. Stagge
Miroslav Trnka
Dorian J. Burnette
Weipeng Yue
Jan Esper
author_sort Max C. A. Torbenson
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Our understanding of pre‐modern El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability is reliant on proxy records, often distant from the center of ENSO activity in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Here, we assess the relationship between reconstructed soil moisture in four distant ENSO‐influenced regions over the past 400 years. A major breakdown in the teleconnection of regional drought conditions in Asia, Eastern Australia, and North America is identified around 1700 CE. The statistically significant decline in inter‐series correlations (p < 0.01) represents a previously unknown aspect of global hydroclimate dynamics. We hypothesize that the disruption was driven by ENSO weakening and/or by a large‐scale multi‐decadal reconfiguration of ocean‐atmosphere circulation. Data assimilation estimates of soil moisture from the same regions fail to produce results of the same magnitude, potentially due to an overreliance of ENSO influence on the boundaries of spatial covariance in the underlying climate models.
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spelling doaj-art-4e4bdd53850f4d379d9d6bd85c72a83b2025-08-20T02:46:20ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072025-07-015214n/an/a10.1029/2025GL115600Disruption of Drought Teleconnections Between ENSO‐Influenced Regions Around 1700 CEMax C. A. Torbenson0David W. Stahle1Edward R. Cook2Benjamin I. Cook3Ulf Büntgen4Feng Chen5Ernesto Tejedor6James H. Stagge7Miroslav Trnka8Dorian J. Burnette9Weipeng Yue10Jan Esper11Department of Geography Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz GermanyDepartment of Geoscience University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USALamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University New York NY USALamont‐Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University New York NY USADepartment of Geography University of Cambridge Cambridge UKInstitute of International Rivers and Eco‐Security Yunnan University Kunming ChinaDepartment of Geology National Museum of Natural Sciences – Spanish Research Council Madrid SpainDepartment of Civil Environmental and Geodetic Engineering Ohio State University Columbus OH USAGlobal Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech RepublicDepartment of Earth Sciences University of Memphis Memphis TN USAInstitute of International Rivers and Eco‐Security Yunnan University Kunming ChinaDepartment of Geography Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz GermanyAbstract Our understanding of pre‐modern El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability is reliant on proxy records, often distant from the center of ENSO activity in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Here, we assess the relationship between reconstructed soil moisture in four distant ENSO‐influenced regions over the past 400 years. A major breakdown in the teleconnection of regional drought conditions in Asia, Eastern Australia, and North America is identified around 1700 CE. The statistically significant decline in inter‐series correlations (p < 0.01) represents a previously unknown aspect of global hydroclimate dynamics. We hypothesize that the disruption was driven by ENSO weakening and/or by a large‐scale multi‐decadal reconfiguration of ocean‐atmosphere circulation. Data assimilation estimates of soil moisture from the same regions fail to produce results of the same magnitude, potentially due to an overreliance of ENSO influence on the boundaries of spatial covariance in the underlying climate models.https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115600paleoclimateteleconnectiondrought dynamicsENSO variability
spellingShingle Max C. A. Torbenson
David W. Stahle
Edward R. Cook
Benjamin I. Cook
Ulf Büntgen
Feng Chen
Ernesto Tejedor
James H. Stagge
Miroslav Trnka
Dorian J. Burnette
Weipeng Yue
Jan Esper
Disruption of Drought Teleconnections Between ENSO‐Influenced Regions Around 1700 CE
Geophysical Research Letters
paleoclimate
teleconnection
drought dynamics
ENSO variability
title Disruption of Drought Teleconnections Between ENSO‐Influenced Regions Around 1700 CE
title_full Disruption of Drought Teleconnections Between ENSO‐Influenced Regions Around 1700 CE
title_fullStr Disruption of Drought Teleconnections Between ENSO‐Influenced Regions Around 1700 CE
title_full_unstemmed Disruption of Drought Teleconnections Between ENSO‐Influenced Regions Around 1700 CE
title_short Disruption of Drought Teleconnections Between ENSO‐Influenced Regions Around 1700 CE
title_sort disruption of drought teleconnections between enso influenced regions around 1700 ce
topic paleoclimate
teleconnection
drought dynamics
ENSO variability
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115600
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