Sporadic‐E Layer Responses to Super Geomagnetic Storm 10–12 May 2024

Abstract Sporadic E (Es) layer plays a prominent role in revealing both upward and downward atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling process. This study investigates the responses of Es layers to the May 2024 super geomagnetic storm by using 37 ground‐based ionosondes distributed globally and space‐based COSM...

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Main Authors: Lihui Qiu, Huixin Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-04-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115154
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author Lihui Qiu
Huixin Liu
author_facet Lihui Qiu
Huixin Liu
author_sort Lihui Qiu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Sporadic E (Es) layer plays a prominent role in revealing both upward and downward atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling process. This study investigates the responses of Es layers to the May 2024 super geomagnetic storm by using 37 ground‐based ionosondes distributed globally and space‐based COSMIC‐2 radio occultation observations. The results show that Es layers were significantly enhanced during the recovery phase of geomagnetic storm. In addition, the enhanced Es layers mainly occurred over Southeast Asia, Australia, the South Pacific and the East Pacific. The temporal evolution of foEs disturbances over the Asian‐Australian sector clearly shows the “wave propagation” characteristics from high to low latitudes, indicating that the enhancements of the Es layers are most likely caused by the disturbed neutral winds in the E region. This study presents observational evidence for the downward impacts of the geomagnetic storm on the E‐region ionosphere.
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institution Kabale University
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language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-4e48d2a13a624a3e9ec27afc5c021bc52025-08-20T03:39:00ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072025-04-01528n/an/a10.1029/2025GL115154Sporadic‐E Layer Responses to Super Geomagnetic Storm 10–12 May 2024Lihui Qiu0Huixin Liu1International Research Center for Space and Planetary Environmental Science (i‐SPES) Kyushu University Fukuoka JapanDepartment of Earth and Planetary Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka JapanAbstract Sporadic E (Es) layer plays a prominent role in revealing both upward and downward atmosphere‐ionosphere coupling process. This study investigates the responses of Es layers to the May 2024 super geomagnetic storm by using 37 ground‐based ionosondes distributed globally and space‐based COSMIC‐2 radio occultation observations. The results show that Es layers were significantly enhanced during the recovery phase of geomagnetic storm. In addition, the enhanced Es layers mainly occurred over Southeast Asia, Australia, the South Pacific and the East Pacific. The temporal evolution of foEs disturbances over the Asian‐Australian sector clearly shows the “wave propagation” characteristics from high to low latitudes, indicating that the enhancements of the Es layers are most likely caused by the disturbed neutral winds in the E region. This study presents observational evidence for the downward impacts of the geomagnetic storm on the E‐region ionosphere.https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115154geomagnetic stormsporadic‐Eionosonde observationsCOSMIC‐2 observationsionospheric‐E region
spellingShingle Lihui Qiu
Huixin Liu
Sporadic‐E Layer Responses to Super Geomagnetic Storm 10–12 May 2024
Geophysical Research Letters
geomagnetic storm
sporadic‐E
ionosonde observations
COSMIC‐2 observations
ionospheric‐E region
title Sporadic‐E Layer Responses to Super Geomagnetic Storm 10–12 May 2024
title_full Sporadic‐E Layer Responses to Super Geomagnetic Storm 10–12 May 2024
title_fullStr Sporadic‐E Layer Responses to Super Geomagnetic Storm 10–12 May 2024
title_full_unstemmed Sporadic‐E Layer Responses to Super Geomagnetic Storm 10–12 May 2024
title_short Sporadic‐E Layer Responses to Super Geomagnetic Storm 10–12 May 2024
title_sort sporadic e layer responses to super geomagnetic storm 10 12 may 2024
topic geomagnetic storm
sporadic‐E
ionosonde observations
COSMIC‐2 observations
ionospheric‐E region
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115154
work_keys_str_mv AT lihuiqiu sporadicelayerresponsestosupergeomagneticstorm1012may2024
AT huixinliu sporadicelayerresponsestosupergeomagneticstorm1012may2024